268 PROPAGATION OF PLANTS. 



ID broad drills or beds. As Hawthorn seeds do not usually gro\V 

 until the second season after sowing, it is always preferable to keep 

 them in a position where water can be given when needed in dry 

 weather, than to sow them fresh and run the risk of having them injured 

 by drouth the following summer. When only a small quantity is to be 

 sown, they may be placed in the seed-bed as soon as the pulp is softened, 

 and the bed kept heavily mulched during the ensuing summer the 

 mulching removed in the spring of the second season. The main thing 

 to be observed is, to keep them moist and cool until the time arrives for 

 their germination. When the seedlings are one year old, they should be 

 taken up and transplanted into nursery rows, as usually practised with 

 other kinds of stocks. 



Croton. See Codiceum. 



Cryptomeria, (Japan Cedar). Slender, tall-growing, coniferous 

 evergreen trees, indigenous to Japan. Two species are usually recog- 

 nized by botanists, but there are several varieties in cultivation. 

 Scarcely hardy in the Northern States, but an occasional specimen sur- 

 vives, when planted in a dry soil, and in a sheltered position. Propa- 

 gated by seeds and cuttings of half-ripened wood, and planted in sand 

 under glass. 



Cunninghamia (Chinese Fir). Only one species, the C. Sinensis. 

 A broad, lance-leaved evergreen coniferous tree, of a very graceful 

 habit, not hardy in the Northern States, but often cultivated as a low 

 bush, and protected in winter. Propagated by seeds and cuttings. 



Cupresstis (Cypress). Evergreen trees and shrubs, with small scale- 

 like leaves, mostly compressed and rubricated in four rows on the rather 

 slender branchlets. There are several species, natives of the west coast, 

 but none quite hardy in the Northern Atlantic States. Propagated by 

 seeds and cuttings. 



Cydonia (Quince, Pints Japonica). Well-known, hardy, decidu- 

 ous trees and shrubs. The common Quince ( C. vulgans), is cultivated 

 for its highly-flavored fruit, and the Japan Quince ( C. Japonica), and its 

 varieties, for their very showy flowers, appearing in early spring. Some 

 of the latter produce very large and spicy-scented fruit. The propaga- 

 tion of the common Quince is usually by cuttings of the mature wood 

 taken off in the autumn, and after the cuttings are made, they are 

 buried in a dry, warm place in the open ground, or in a moderately cool 

 cellar, and planted out in spring. The cuttings may be made from the 

 one-year-old wood, and from this age to that of four or five years old. 

 Layering the branches is also often practised as a mode of propagation ; 

 also banking up of the sprouts that appear around the base of old 

 stocks, which have been headed back for the purpose of producing 

 these sprouts. Varieties may be propagated by cuttings, budding and 

 grafting, using inferior sorts or seedlings for stocks. The Japan orna- 

 mental varieties are readily increased by cuttings of the young wood of 

 v ie season, taken after the frost has killed the leaves in the fall, but the 



