QUESTIONS. 55 



10. What are the caudal vertebrae? 



11. What mammals have less than two pairs of limbs ? 



12. Name, in their order, the various bones of the fore-limb. 



13. How is the fore-limb joined to the trunk ? 



14. What are the scapulce ? 



15. What are the clavicles ? 



16. Name, in their order, the bones of the hind-limb. 



17. Describe the teeth of a typical mammal. 



18. What mammals are destitute of teeth ? 



19. How many sets of teeth may a mammal have ? 



20. What is saliva, and how is it produced? 



21. What is the gastric juice, and where is it formed? 



22. What is chyme ? 



23. How is it changed into chyle ? 



24. What is the source of the blood ? 



25. Describe the heart and circulatory organs in the Mammalia. 



26. What is the peculiarity of the red blood-corpuscles in this 



class ? 



27. Describe the process of respiration in mammals. 



28. How do the lungs of mammals differ from those of birds ? 



29. What are bronchi ? 



30. What is the pleura ? 



31. Describe the mammalian brain. 



32. What is the corpus callosum ? 



33. How are mammals covered ? 



34. What members of this group are without hair ? 



35. How is hair modified in the porcupines and hedgehogs ? 



36. Into what sub-classes have the Mammalia been divided ? 



37. What is the placenta, and what mammals are destitute of 



this structure ? 



38. What are the Sauropslda ? 



39. What characters are common to birds and reptiles ? 



40. How has the skeleton of birds been adapted for flight ? 



41. What are the distinctive features of the skull in this class ? 



42. Describe the cervical region of the spine. 



43. The dorsal region. 



44. Why are the dorsal vertebrae usually anchylosed ? 



45. What is the " plough-share " bone ? 



46. How did the Arcliwopteryx differ from ordinary birds ? 



47. What is the peculiarity of the sternum ? 



48. What is its form in birds which do not fly? 



49. Describe the " pectoral arch." 



50. What is the " merry- thought " ? 



51. What is the structure of the "fore-limb"? 



52. What is the structure of the " hind-limb " ? 



53. Describe the " tarso-metatarsus." 



54. How many toes have birds, and how are they arranged ? 



