44 



CHAPTER III. 



Internal Structure. Digestive Organs. Gullet, Crop, Stomach 

 Adaptation of, to Different Habits of Birds. Gastric Juice 

 its Use and Properties. Gizzard, its Grinding Powers. 

 Respiration of Birds. 



HAVING briefly pointed out the most prominent features 

 of the skeleton, as influencing the general form of 

 birds, we shall now proceed to give a short sketch of the 

 structure and uses of some of the internal parts, com- 

 mencing with those for the supply and consumption of 

 food. The following figure may assist our explanation. 

 The gullet (oesophagus) A, opens into the crop (ingluvies) 

 u, which forms a sort of bag; on quitting this it extends 

 to what is called the second stomach, c, (infundibulum, 

 or ventriculus succmturiatus,) usually funnel-shaped, from 

 whence it opens into the third stomach or gizzard, D, 

 {ventriculus callosus,) communicating with the intestinal 

 canal or bowels, E, which vary very much in length in 



