Fauna 



The principal fossil localities examined are within one 



5 

 hundred feet of the "base of the sandy shale in Ellsmere Canyon. 



^U. C. Loc. Ho. loOl 5T.W. quarter N.E. quarter S.E. quarter sec. 



7 T. 3 north R. 15 west Mt . San Bernardino. In "bed of canyon about 

 hundred yards downstream from the granite contact. 



U.C. Loc. 1602 about hundred yards east of loOl, up small 

 gulch in N.W. quarter S.W. quarter of sec. 8. T 3 N R lj W 



U.C. Loc. 1603 Pico canyon one quarter mile to N.W. of 

 Superintendent's house, near tank on top of ridge. 



....-,-..-..*. . . . -. .,-,.;., .- - . 



Many of the fossil layers are only a few feet above the granite. 

 Small collections of some of the species were made on Ellsmere 

 Ridge, and in Grapevine Canyon on the south side of the San Fernando 

 Pass. No fossils were found in the conglomerates. 



The following species were collected by the writer. 

 Of the fifty five species there are twenty three or 44 per cent, 

 living. Some of the other forms show only slight differences from 

 the living forms, and are evidently nearly related to them. The 

 literature on the fauna of the Fernando formation is rather scanty, 

 and there are a large number of forms which have not been found so 

 far from any other locality than the present one. 



Arnold divides the Fernando of the Santa Clara valley into 

 three horizons. The lower Fernando fauna as given by him comes from 

 five different localities and consists of thirty three species, of 

 which seventeen are specifically identified, and of the latter there 

 are ten found also in Ellsmere Canyon. The writer examined a col- 

 lection in the California Academy of Sciences from a locality five 

 miles north-oast of Camulos, which is one of the five localities 



mentioned above. This collection contains twenty four species, of 

 which thirteen are common to Ellsmere Canyon, and comes from a 



