22 LYCOPODIACEAE 



above the middle and somewhat contracted near the base, those between the sporangial re- 

 gions 6-7 mm. long, broadest at the base, entire or denticulate : sporanges reniform : bracts 

 (sporophylls) 4-5 mm. long, denticulate or entire, acuminate. 

 On sandstone cliffs, Wisconsin, Indiana, Kentucky and Alabama. 



3. Lycopodium lucidnlum Michx. Prostrate portion of the stems 5-15 cm. long, 

 rooting, thence usually forking 1-3 times, forming lax clusters 1-3 dm. tall. Leaves 

 numerous, reflexed ; blades linear-spatulate, 8-11 mm. long, acute, erose-denticulate, 1 mm. 

 wide at the base : bracts linear to lanceolate, 3.5-8.5 mm. long, sometimes denticulate : 

 sporanges depressed-reniform. 



In cool woods and on damp slopes, Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to South Carolina, 

 Tennessee and Iowa. 



4. Lycopodium Ch.apm.anii Underw. Stems creeping or arching, about 3 mm. thick, 

 18-40 cm. long, simple or occasionally pinnately branched. Leaves numerous ; blades 

 lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long, acuminate, curved upward, irregularly toothed, with the lower 

 teeth often branched, or those of the fertile branches appressed, the lower with subulate 

 teeth, upper entire : fertile branches 10-25 cm. long : cones 1.8-7 cm. long, or sometimes 

 longer, about 3 mm. thick : bracts 5-6 mm. long, toothed just above the base, whence they 

 are contracted into subulate tips : sporanges nearly globular. 



In sandy bogs, Massachusetts to Florida and Louisiana. 



5. Lycopodium pinnatum (Chapm. ) Lloyd & Underw. Stems 20-30 cm. long, pin- 

 nately branched, 1-2 mm. thick. Leaves numerous; blades thin, 8-9 mm. long, linear- 

 lanceolate, curved, long-toothed, those of the upper side of the stem smaller, all slightly 

 contracted at the base : fertile branches 25-40 cm. long, their numerous leaves narrower 

 than the stem-leaves : cones 3-12 cm. long, 5 mm. thick : bracts spreading, similar to the 

 leaves of the fertile branches but more gradually tapering : sporanges nearly globular. 



In low sandy grounds, southern Georgia, Florida and Alabama. 



6. Lycopodium alopecuroides L. Stems 5 dm. long, or even longer, arching, root- 

 ing at the ends. Leaves numerous ; blades 5-7 mm. long, lanceolate, and spinulose on the 

 sides of the stem, linear-lanceolate and long-toothed on the upper and lower sides of the 

 stem, and with long hairs near the base on the lower side of the stem : fertile branches 

 2-3 dm. tall, densely leafy, resembling the stem : cones 2-10.5 cm. long, 5 mm. thick : 

 bracts 10-11 mm. long, becoming reflexed, similar to the leaves of the fertile branches but 

 not hairy. 



In low pine lands, Long Island to Florida and Mississippi, usually within about 125 miles of the 

 coast. Also in Brazil. 



7. Lycopodium Carolinianum L. Stems prostrate or creeping, 1-15 cm. long, 1- 

 1.5mm. thick, pinnately branching. Stem-leaves of 2 kinds, the apparently lateral ones 

 ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, falcate, recurved, acute, entire, with the midrib asymmetri- 

 cally placed ; leaves of the upper side of the stem 3-4 mm. long, subulate above the broad 

 base : fertile branches slender, 5-22 cm. tall, their leaves few, subulate, 2-3 mm. long, ap- 

 pressed : cones 1-5 cm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick : bracts triangular, or somewhat constricted 

 above the base, sometimes erose : sporanges compressed. 



In sandy bogs, New Jersey to Florida and Mississippi. Also in tropical America. 



8. Lycopodium obscurum L. Stems or branches arising from horizontal root- 

 stocks, becoming bushy and 1-3 dm. tall. Leaves numerous, spreading and curved up- 

 ward ; blades linear-lanceolate, rnucronulate, in 8 rows below, in 6 rows above, twisted so 

 as to lie in vertical planes : cones sessile : bracts broadly ovate, papery, erose, subulate- 

 tipped : sporanges reniform. [L. dendroideum Michx. ] 



In woods, Newfoundland to Alaska, south on the mountains to Georgia, and Montana. Also appar- 

 ently in Japan. GROUND PINE. 



9. Lycopodium cfernuum L. Stems procumbent or arching, 2-3.5 dm. long, some- 

 what creeping, branching, often in various planes, the ultimate branches nodding and 

 fertile. Leaves numerous, terete, subulate, 3-5 mm. long, spreading and upwardly curved : 

 cones sessile, 5 mm. long : bracts ovate, acuminate, thin-fringed : sporanges minute, trans- 

 versely flattened. 



In sandy soil or pine lands, Florida to southern Mississippi. Also in tropical regions. 



10. Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh. Rootstocks horizontal ; branches becoming 

 erect, or decumbent, repeatedly forking to form several vertically placed flattened branch- 

 lets 1.5-2 mm. wide. Leaves of branches appressed or incurved ; blades linear-subulate : 

 fertile branches scape-like, 5-6 cm. tall, usually twice-forked : cones 2, 3 or casually 4, 2-2.8 

 cm. long : bracts ovate, abruptly subulate-tipped. [L. Chamaecyparissus A. Br.] 



In woods, Maine to Minnesota, south along the mountains to North Carolina. 



11. Lycopodium complanatum L. Rootstocks creeping ; branches erect, repeatedly 

 forked to form several horizontally spreading branchlets, 1.8-2.5 mm. wide. Leaves of 



