28 PLNACEAE 



nate aments 3.5-4 cm. long : cones 10-14 cm. long, broadly conic when closed, ovoid when 

 open, straight, each scale armed with a small straight spine : seed 6-8 mm. long, the wing 

 2-2.5 cm. long. 



In sandy, usually low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. This species and the 

 preceding furnish the turpentine of commerce. SLASH PINE. 



3. Firms Tafeda L. A tree reaching a height of 46 m. and a maximum trunk 

 diameter of 1.5 m., the hark dark, very rough, deeply furrowed, exfoliating m coarse 

 plates. Leaves glaucous, 3 in a sheath, 15-28 cm. long : sheaths 15-20 mm. long : stami- 

 nate aments 1.5-3 cm. long : cones 10-13 cm. long, narrowly conic when closed, cylindric 

 or conic-c-ylindric when open, each scale with a thick appendage which projects 'little if 

 at all beyond the small spine : seeds 6-7 mm. long, the wing usually about 2 cm. long. 



In sandy or clay soil, Delaware and Arkansas to Florida and Texas. LOBLOLLY or OLD- FIELD PINE. 



4. Firms heterophylla (Ell.) Sudw. A tree becoming 35 m. tall, with a maximum 

 trunk diameter of 1 m., the bark pale, thick, but not deeply furrowed. Leaves glaucous, 

 2 or 3 in a sheath, 12-25 cm. long : often stouter than those of P. Taeda: sheaths 1.5-2 

 cm. long : staminate aments 1.5-2.5 cm. long : cones 9-14 cm. long, narrowly conic when 

 closed, cylindric or conic-cylindric when open, each scale with a thin appendage which pro- 

 jects far beyond the slender spine : seeds 5-7 mm. long, the wing 2-2.5 cm. long. 



In swampy pine lands near the coast, South Carolina and Georgia. POND PINE. SLASH PINE. 



5. Firms serotina Michx. A tree reaching a height of 25 m., with a maximum 

 trunk diameter of 9 dm., the trunk clothed with a flaky bark and bearing many irregular 

 short branches near the base. Leaves glaucous, 3 in a sheath, 15-25 cm. long, crowded : 

 sheaths about 15 mm. long: staminate aments 1.5-2 cm. long : cones 4-6 cm. long, ovoid 

 or globular-ovoid when closed, very broad when open, each scale with a thick appendage 

 and a minute spine : seeds 3-4 mm. long, the wing nearly 2 cm. long. 



In sandy swamps, in the coastal plain, North Carolina to Florida. BLACK PINE. POND PINE. 



6. Firms glabra Walt. A tree reaching a height of 40 m., with a maximum trunk 

 diameter of 1.2 m., the trunk and branches clothed with a relatively smooth and close 

 bark, and bearing spreading branches near the ground, except in the case of very old trees. 

 Leaves glaucous, 2 in a sheath, very slender, 4-8 cm. long, numerous or somewhat crowded : 

 sheaths 5-8 mm. long: staminate aments fully 1 cm. long: cones 3.5-5 cm. long, conic 

 when closed, ovoid when open, the appendages bearing minute or almost obsolete spines, 

 and often essentially unarmed : seeds about 4 mm. long, the wing usually 1.5 cm. long. 



In river swamps or hammocks, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. SPRUCE PINE. CEDAR 

 PINE. WHITE PINE. WALTER'S PINE. 



7. Finns echinata Mill. A tree reaching a height of 40 m., with a maximum trunk 

 diameter of 1.35 m., the trunk clothed with a coarsely furrowed and very rough bark, with- 

 out branches on the lower part, except in the case of young trees. Leaves deep green, 2 

 in a sheath or sometimes three together, 8-12 cm. long, slender : sheaths 10-15 mm. long : 

 staminate aments 1-1.5 cm. long: cones 5-6.5 cm. long, conic when closed, ovoid Avhen 

 open, each appendage armed with a slender spine : seeds 4-5 mm. long, the wing 1.5-2 

 cm. long. [P. mitis Michx.] 



In sand or clay or on rocky banks, New York to Kansas, Florida and Texas. SHORT-LEAVED PINE. 

 YELLOW-PINE. 



8. Firms clausa Chapm. A tree reaching a height of 24 m., with a maximum trunk 

 diameter of 7.5 dm., the bark relatively smooth. Leaves deep green, 2 in a sheath, 4-8 

 cm. long, very slender, rather crowded : sheaths 5-7 mm. long : cones 4.5-6 cm. long, conic 

 when closed, ovoid when open, the appendages of the scales each armed with a stout spine 

 at the middle or behind it : seeds 4 mm. long, the wings about 1.5 cm. long. 



In sandy ridges near the coast, Florida and Alabama. SAND PINE. 



9. Firms Virginiana Mill. A tree reaching a height of 36 m. , with a trunk diameter 

 of 1m., but often much smaller, the bark more or less flaky, the twigs glaucous. Leaves 

 deep green, 2 in a sheath, 4-7 cm. long, rather stout : sheaths 5-8 mm. long : staminate 

 aments 1-1.5 cm. long : cones 5-7 cm. long, narrowly conic when closed, ovoid when 

 open, the appendages of the scales each armed with a curved spine : seeds 4-5 mm. long, 

 the wing fully 1.5 cm. long. [P. inops Ait..] 



In sandy soil or on stony ridges, Long Island to Indiana, Georgia and Alabama. SCRUB or JERSEY 

 PINE. POVERTY PINE. 



10. Firms rigida Mill. A tree reaching a height of 25 m., with a maximum trunk 

 diameter of 9 dm., the bark very rough, the twigs yellow. Leates bright green, 3 in a 

 sheath, 6-12 cm. long, rather stout : sheaths 10-15 mm. long : staminate aments about 1.5 

 cm. long : cones 4-7 cm. long, ovoid when closed, globose-ovoid or depressed when open, 

 the appendages of the scales relatively thin, each armed with a more or less recurved spine. 



In sandy or rocky soil, New Brunswick to the Lake Ontario region, Virginia and Kentucky and in 

 the mountains to Georgia and Alabama. PITCH PINE. 



