32 JUNIPEEACEAE 



5-7 mm. long, sharp-pointed, those of the twigs of two forms, one set opposite, flat, acute, 

 the other boat-shaped, overlapping the edges of the flat ones : staminate aments in depres- 

 sions, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter: cones oblong, 1-1.3 cm. long, brown, drooping ; scales ovate 

 or oblong, obtuse, with a gland at the apex, at length loose and spreading : seeds elliptic, 5 

 mm. long, narrowed at each end ; wing 6-7 mm. long, notched at each end. 



In swamps and on rocky banks, New Brunswick to Lake Winnipeg, south to Pennsylvania and in 

 the Alleghenies to North Carolina and Tennessee. Spring. ARBOR VITAE. WHITE CEDAR. 



3. CHAMAECYFARIS Spach. 



Evergreen monoecious strong-scented trees, with 2-ranked branchlets. Leaves imbri- 

 cated, scale-like, or sometimes subulate on twigs, opposite, 4-ranked, each with a gland 

 on the back. Staminate aments terminal, sessile or nearly so. Anthers 2-4-celled, in the 

 side of a shield-like scale. Pistillate aments terminal, globose, of several series of opposite 

 scales. Ovules erect, 1-4 at the constricted base of each scale, bottle-shaped. Cones glo- 

 bose, woody : scales more or less angled, thick, with points or knobs on the back. Seeds 

 angled or slightly winged. 



1. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L. ) B.S.P. A small or medium-sized strong-scented 

 tree, reaching a height of 27 m. and a maximum trunk diameter of 1.2m., producing soft 

 light but compact and durable wood. Leaves scale-like, 1-2 mm. long, 4-ranked, imbri- 

 cated, covering the branchlets, acute, the lateral keeled, the vertical merely con vex ; those of 

 twigs subulate : staminate aments 2-3 mm. long, slightly broadened upward : pistillate 

 aments about 2 mm. in diameter, glaucous, their scales with hyaline appendages : cones 

 globose, somewhat angled, 5-7 mm. in diameter ; scales at length widely spreading, pointed 

 on the back : seeds narrowly winged. [Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea Spach. J 



In swamps and sandy places, mostly near the coast, southern Maine to Florida and Mississippi. 

 Spring. WHITE CEDAR. CYPRESS. 



4. JUNIPERUS L. 



Evergreen dioecious or monoecious shrubs or trees, with decumbent or erect stems. 

 Leaves in whorls of 3, subulate, neither appressed nor imbricated, without glands on the 

 back, jointed at the base. Staminate aments axillary, solitary. Pollen-sacs several under 

 each scale. Pistillate aments of 2-3 rows of fleshy scales. Ovules usually solitary, erect 

 Cone berry-like by the accrescent scales of the pistillate aments. Seeds 1 or several, enclosed 

 in the cones, wingless. 



A depressed shrub, with creeping branches : leaves abruptly bent at the base, deeply channeled, rather 



abruptly pointed. 1. J. Sibirica. 



A tree or an erect shrub : leaves straight or nearly so, shallowly channeled, gradually acuminate. 



2. J. communis. 



1. Juniperus Sibirica Burgsd. A depressed radially spreading shrub, with creeping 

 branches, forming extensive patches, seldom rising over 5 dm. above the ground. Leaves 

 stout, mostly 8-12 mm. long, abruptly curved at the base, appressed or erect-ascending, 

 densely crowded, abruptly pointed : cones subglobose, 8-10 mm. in diameter. 



In dry or stony soil, Labrador to Alaska and in the Appalachian Mountains to North Carolina and 

 Tennessee, and in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado and Utah. Also in Europe and Asia. Spring. 



2. Juniperus communis L. An erect shrub or a narrowly conic tree, attaining a 

 height of 8 m. and a maximum trunk diameter of 0.5 m. Leaves 1-2 cm. long ; blades 

 narrowly linear, sometimes gradually narrowed upward into a very sharp point, somewhat 

 concave and glaucous above, keeled beneath, sessile, usually spreading : staminate amenis 

 oblong, 4-5 mm. long, sessile : pistillate aments narrowly ovoid, glaucous : cones globose, 

 6-8 mm. in diameter, dark blue, covered with a bloom : seeds ovoid, about 3 mm. long, 

 more or less flattened, 3-angled below the apex, roughened. 



On dry rocky hills, Labrador to the Rocky Mountains, southward to Georgia and New Mexico. 

 Also in Europe and Asia. Spring. JUNIPER. 



5. SABINA Haller. 



Evergreen strong-scented monoecious or dioecious shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly 

 scale-like, each with a gland on the back, appressed and imbricated at maturity, opposite, 

 sometimes connate at the base, or sometimes subulate on the twigs. Staminate aments very 

 small, solitary or 3-6 together, terminal on the branchlets. Pollen-sacs 3-6 under each 

 ovate or shield-like scale. Pistillate aments subglobose, composed of 2-3 rows of fleshy 



