104 POACEAE 



primary panicle ovoid, 4-8 cm. long, its branches spreading: spikelets turgid, obovoid, 

 about 3 mm. long, glabrous, or sometimes pubescent with short spreading hairs. 



In dry soil, Vermont, Massachusetts and New Jersey to Minnesota, British Columbia, Missouri, the 

 Indian Territory and Arizona. Spring and summer. 



119. Panicum Raven61ii Scribn. & Her. Stems tufted, erect, 4-6 dm. tall, finally 

 branched, papillose-hirsute below with ascending hairs, the pubescence above softer : 

 leaves 3 or 4 ; sheaths densely papillose-hirsute with ascending hairs ; blades erect or 

 ascending, glabrous above, densely and softly pubescent below, broadly lanceolate, 8-12 

 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, cordate at the clasping base : panicle 8-10 cm. long, its branches 

 ascending : spikelets about 4 mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide, obovoid, pubescent with rather 

 weak hairs. [P. scoparium Ell., not Lam.] 



In woods, District of Columbia to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 



120. Panicum macrocarpon Le Conte. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, erect, simple, or some- 

 what branched above, the nodes, at least the upper ones, naked : leaf-sheaths glabrous, 

 ciliate ; blades 7-18 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, cordate-clasping at the base, acuminate, 

 glabrous on both surfaces, ciliate : panicle 8-15 cm. long, usually long-exserted, rarely in- 

 cluded, its branches more or less ascending : spikelets 3-4 mm. long, turgid, oval to obo- 

 void, pubescent. 



In woods or on dry hillsides, New Hampshire to North Carolina, Iowa and Kansas. Summer. 



121. Panicum Forterianum Nash. Stems tufted, erect, the upper part, including 

 the panicle axis, and sometimes also the lower portion, pubescent w r ith short hairs, or 

 sometimes glabrous, finally branching, the nodes densely barbed with long spreading hairs : 

 leaves 4-6 ; sheaths ciliate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes the lower ones 

 softly pubescent ; blades ovate-lanceolate, cordate and clasping at the base, paler on the 

 lower surface, glabrous, or the upper surface sometimes sparsely pubescent, 6-12 cm. long, 

 the larger ones 2-4 cm. wide : panicle 6-12 cm. long, its branches ascending : spikelets 

 4-6 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, the scales distant, pubescent with long weak hairs. [P. 

 latifolium Chapin., in part, not L.] 



In rocky woods, New York to Florida and Texas. Summer. 



122. Panicum pubif olium Nash. A softly pubescent densely tufted perennial. Stems 

 3-7 dm. tall, pubescent with soft weak spreading hairs, finally branched, the nodes densely 

 barbed with long hairs : leaves 3-5 ; sheaths ciliate on the margins, densely pubescent, at 

 least all but the uppermost, with spreading weak usually long hairs ; blades spreading or 

 ascending, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, gradually narrowed to the rounded cordate- 

 clasping base, pubescent on both surfaces with short spreading hairs, the upper primary 

 blades 7-11 cm. long and 2-3 cm. broad, the lower smaller : primary panicle usually but 

 little exserted, sometimes included at the base, 7-11 cm. long, its axis, as well as the 

 branches, densely pubescent with short soft spreading hairs, the branches spreading or 

 ascending : spikelets 4-5 mm. long and about 1.6 mm. broad, narrowly obovoid, the scales 

 distant, strongly pubescent with long spreading hairs. [P. latifolium Chapm., in part, not L. ] 



In rocky woods, New York to Missouri, Florida and Mississippi. Summer and fall. 



123. Panicum latifolium L. An intricately much branched shrub, sometimes 2-3 

 m. tall. Leaves crowded and numerous ; sheaths overlapping, ciliate on the margin ; 

 blades spreading or ascending, glabrous, acuminate, the larger ones 8-10 cm. long, 13-35 

 mm. wide, those on the ultimate divisions considerably smaller : panicle 1 dm. long or 

 less, its branches spreading or ascending : spikelets turgid, 4-5 mm. long, the scales tipped 

 with woolly hairs, the first scale very broad, clasping the base of the spikelet. [P. divari- 

 catum L. ] 



In dry soil, southern peninsular Florida. Spring to fall. SMALL CANK. 



32. PliANOPYRUM Nash. 



Tall grasses with long flat linear or lanceolate leaf-blades which are cordate and clasp- 

 ing at the base, and ample panicles with the spikelets arranged in pairs or in short branchlets 

 on one side of its branches. Spikelets on rather short pedicels, acuminate ; scales 4, 

 acuminate, strongly nerved, the first scale f as long as the spikelet or more, a little shorter 

 than or equalling the third, the second scale considerably exceeding the third, the fourth 

 scale less than as long as the spikelet, chartaceous, indurated in fruit. Stamens 3. 

 Styles long and slender, free to the base. Stigmas plumose. 



1. Phanopyrum gymnocarpon (Ell.) Nash. A glabrous perennial. Stems leafy, 

 6-12 dm. tall : leaf-blades 4 dm. long or less, 1-4 cm. wide : panicle 1-2 dm. long, its 

 branches long and ascending : spikelets 5-6 mm. long. [Panicum gymnocarpon Ell.] 



In moist places, Georgia and Florida to Texas. Summer and fall. 



