216 CYPEKACEAE 



ous, sessile or nearly so : pistillate spikes 1 or 2, loosely few-flowered at the summit of fili- 

 form mostly basal peduncles, 1-1.5 cm. long : perigynia 3-angled, narrowly ovoid, 5-6 mm. 

 long, acute, glabrous or minutely tomentulose, many-nerved, each with a terete entire or 

 nearly entire beak. 



In dry soil, Texas and Mexico. Spring and fall. 



79. Carex Chapmanii Sartw. Leaves bright green, glabrous, overtopped by the 

 scape ; blades firm, channeled, 2-5 mm. wide, roughish : scapes tufted, rigid, 2-7 dm. tall, 

 glabrous : staminate spike 1-3 cm. long, erect : pistillate spikes 2-3, approximate at the top 

 of the scape, oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long, less than 1 cm. thick, sessile : scales more than as 

 long as the perigynia : perigynia 3-angled, narrowly ovoid, 4.5-5 mm. long, many-ribbed, 

 short-beaked, sparingly pubescent. [G tenax Chapm.] 



On dry sand ridges, South Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 



80. Carex dasycarpa Muhl. Leaves pubescent, overtopped by the scape, blades 

 1.5-5 mm. broad, rough-margined: scapes tufted, 1.5-4 dm. tall, slender, glabrous or 

 nearly so : staminate spike solitary, 1-2 cm. long, short-peduncled : pistillate spikes 2-3, 

 oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 6-8 mm. thick, few-flowered, sessile, approximate : scales abruptly 

 pointed, about J as long as the perigynia : perigynia 3-angled, elliptic, about 5 mm. long, 

 woolly, scarcely beaked, several-ribbed. 



In sandy woods, South Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 



81. Carex Fraseri Andr. Monoecious. Leaves glabrous, pale green ; blades 2-4 

 dm. long, flat, firm, spreading, finely many-nerved, and with their margins usually finely 

 crumpled in drying, accompanied by clasping basal sheaths : scapes smooth, slender, re- 

 clining, 2.5-5 dm. long : spike solitary, bractless, terminal, androgynous, 1-2.5 cm. long, 

 the pistillate portion dense, about 1.2 cm. in diameter in fruit : scales ovate, obtuse, much 

 shorter than the perigynia : perigynia ovoid, pale green, fai-ntly many-nerved, fully 4 mm. 

 long, each with a short nearly truncate beak. Our largest-leaved species. 



In rich mountain woods, Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina. Spring and 

 summer. 



82. Carex picta Steud. Dioecious. Leaves glabrous, light green ; blades 3-6 mm. 

 wide: scape slender, smooth, 1.5-3 dm. long: spike usually solitary, densely many-flow- 

 ered, the staminate about 2.5 cm. long, the pistillate narrowed at the base, 2-6 cm. long, 

 subtended by a short purple sheath : scales purple, shining, obovate, acute or cuspidate, 

 longer and wider than the perigynia : perigynia strongly many-nerved, pubescent at least 

 toward the obtuse summit, about 3 mm. long. [(7. Boottiana Benth.] 



In woods, Indiana to Alabama and Louisiana. Summer. 



83. Carex Willdenovii Schk. Monoecious. Leaves glabrous and pale green, often 

 3 dm. long, much overtopping the spikes ; blades 2-3 mm. wide, the lowest reduced to 

 sheaths : scapes 2-10 cm. high : spikes 1-5, androgynous, staminate above, pistillate be- 

 low, or sometimes completely staminate, about 1.2 cm. long, appearing nearly basal, one 

 of them or more on long filiform stalks : scales lanceolate, acute, acuminate or awned, 

 finely several-nerved, the lower 1 or 2 commonly bract-like : body of the perigynium ob- 

 long, smooth, 2-3 mm. long, narrowed into a 2-edged rough beak of about its own length. 



In dry woods and thickets, Maine to Ohio, Michigan, Manitoba, Florida, Kentucky and Texas. 

 Spring and summer. 



84. Carex Jamesii Schwein. Similar to the next preceding species, but the leaf- 

 blades rather narrower, soft, spreading or ascending : spikes androgynous, the terminal 

 staminate portion slender, the pistillate flowers only 1-4 and slightly separated : lower 

 scales bract-like, foliaceous, the upper shorter and sometimes not exceeding the perigynia : 

 body of the perigynium subglobose, 2 mm. in diameter, abruptly tipped by a subulate rough 

 beak of more than its own length. 



In dry woods and thickets, southern Ontario and New York to Indiana, Iowa, District of Colum- 

 bia, Tennessee and the Indian Territory. Spring. 



85. Carex leptalea Wahl. Leaves light green and glabrous ; blades not over 0.5 

 mm. wide : scapes filiform, smooth, 1.5-4.5 dm. long : spike solitary, terminal, androgynous, 

 linear, 4-14 mm. long : stigmas 2 or 3 : perigynia few, linear-oblong, about 3 mm. long, 

 light green, many-nerved, obtuse and beakless : scales membranous, the lowest sometimes 

 attenuated into a subulate awn nearly as long as the spike. [ C. polytrichoides Muhl. ] 



In bogs and swamps, Newfoundland to British Columbia, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Colorado and 

 Oregon. Summer. 



86. Carex filifolia Nutt. Leaves pale green, glabrous, as long as the scape or 

 shorter ; blades filiform, rather stiff, about 0.5 mm. wide, the sheaths persistent and ulti- 

 mately fibrillose : scapes densely tufted, slender but stiff, 8-35 cm. tall : spike solitary, erect, 

 6-30 mm. long, staminate above ; the pistillate portion about 4 mm. in diameter : scales 



