CYPEKACEAE 217 



very broad, concave, with wide scarious margins, obtuse or cuspidate, about as long as the 

 perigynia, but much broader : perigynia oval or obovoid-oval, 2 mm. long, 3-angled, few- 

 nerved or nearly nerveless, scabrous, or somewhat pubescent near the apex, each abruptly 

 tipped by a short cylindric beak. 



In dry soil, Manitoba to British Columbia, Texas and California. Spring and summer. 



87. Carex stipata Muhl. Leaves bright green ; blades flat, 4-8 mm. wide : scapes 

 smooth, sharply 3-angled, 2-10 dm. tall : bracts bristle-form or wanting : spikes numerous, 

 yellowish brown, in a terminal oblong cluster 3-10 cm. long, the staminate flowers few, 

 always terminal : scales ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the perigynia : peri- 

 gynia lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, each tapering into a rough flattened 2-toothed beak 1-2 

 times as long as the body. 



In swamps and wet meadows, Newfoundland to Ontario, British Columbia, Florida, Tennessee, 

 Missouri, New Mexico and California. Spring and summer. 



88. Carex Cnis-C<5rvi Shuttlw. Leaves pale green and glaucous ; blades flat, 5-12 

 mm. wide, rough-margined : scapes 3-angled, rough above, 5-11 dm. tall, longer than the 

 leaves : spikes yellowish brown, very numerous in a large compound branching panicle, 

 1-3 dm. long : scales ovate or lanceolate, thin, much shorter than the perigynia : perigynia 

 elongated-lanceolate, about 8 mm. long, each with a short hard base and a subulate rough 

 2-toothed beak. 



In swamps, District of Columbia to Indiana, Minnesota, Florida, Louisiana and Texas. Spring 

 and summer. 



89. Carex decompdsita Muhl. Leaves dark green, longer than the scape ; blades 

 4-8 mm. wide, rough : scapes smooth, obtusely angled, or terete below, 4-9 dm. tall : 

 spikes yellowish brown, very numerous in a decompound cluster, 5-13 cm. long, the lower 

 branches 2-5 cm. long : bracts subulate, ciliate, or wanting : scales ovate, about equalling 

 the perigynia : perigynia short-obovate, less than 2 mm. long, hard, each abruptly tipped 

 with a short slightly 2-toothed beak. 



In swamps, New York to Ohio, Michigan, Florida and Louisiana. Spring and summer. 



90. Carex gravida Bailey. Leaves light green ; blades flat, 3-6 mm. wide : scapes 

 4-9 dm. tall, 3-angled, rough above : bracts usually very short : spikes several, in a dense 

 heavy head 2-3.5 cm. long, pale, subglobose : scales acute, cuspidate or short-awned, about 

 as long as the perigynia : perigynia flat, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 3-4 mm. long, 

 rounded at the base, each narrowed into a 2-toothed beak about as long as the body, 

 several-nerved on the outer face or nerveless. 



On plains and prairies, Illinois to South Dakota and the Indian Territory. Spring and summer. 



91. Carex yulpinoidea Michx. Leaves often exceeding the scape ; blades 2-5 mm. 

 wide : scapes stiff, 3-angled, rough above, 3-12 dm. tall : bracts bristle-like : spikes ovoid- 

 oblong, 4-8 mm. long, very numerous in a cluster, 3-13 cm. long: scales lanceolate, 

 acuminate or awned, about as long as the perigynia, but narrower : perigynia ovate, about 

 1.5 mm. long, greenish brown, flat, several-nerved on the outer face, nerveless or faintly 

 1-3-nerved on the inner, each tipped with a lanceolate 2-toothed beak about as long as 

 the body. 



In swamps and meadows, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida, Louisiana and Texas. Summer. 



92. Carex triangularis Boeckl. Leaves bright green, overtopped by the scape ; blades 

 2-6 mm. wide, somewhat scabrous, attenuate: scapes tufted, 3-8 dm. tall, stiff: spikes 

 ovoid or globose, 5-8 mm. long, dense, approximate, forming a compound spike 3-5 cm. 

 long, with short filiform bracts, fawn-brown at maturity : scales as long as the perigynia or 

 shorter : perigynia nearly orbicular, conspicuously spreading, fully 2 mm. long, short- 

 pointed, delicately nerved. 



On low prairies, the Indian Territory to Mississippi and Texas. Spring and early summer. 



93. Carex xanthocarpa Bicknell. Leaves bright green ; blades 3-6 mm. wide : 

 scapes rather stout, rough above, 3-14 dm. tall, much longer than the leaves : head usually 

 dense : spikes numerous, ovoid, short : bracts mostly short and inconspicuous : scales acu- 

 minate, short-awned : perigynia bright yellow, plano-convex, ovate-elliptic, 2.5-3 mm. 

 long, each with a narrowed or cuneate base, and a short minutely 2-toothed beak, nerve- 

 less, or obscurely few-nerved on the outer face. 



In fields, Massachusetts to NorthlCarolina and Iowa. Summer. 



94. Carex Sartw611ii Dewey. Leaves light green ; blades 2-4 mm. wide : scapes 

 stiff, rough above, 3-angled, 3-9 dm. tall : bracts setaceous, usually small : spikes ovoid or 

 oblong, 4-8 mm. long, usually densely aggregated in a narrow cluster : scales ovate, pale 

 brown, about equalling the perigynia : perigynia lanceolate, about 2 mm. long, strongly 

 several-nerved on both faces, each tapering into a short 2-toothed beak. 



. In swamps, Ontario to British Columbia, New York, Illinois, Michigan, Arkansas and Utah. 

 Spring and summer. 



