262 ALLIACEAE 



toothed bractlets : capsules usually about ^ longer than the perianth : seeds with a con- 

 spicuous hooked caruncle at the top. [Luzula Carolinae S. Wats.] 



In woods, New Brunswick to Alaska, Georgia, Tennessee, Michigan and Oregon. Also in Europe 

 and Asia. Spring. 



2. Juncoides echinatum Small. Base of the plants not bulblet-bearing. Foliage 

 webby-pubescent : stems 2.5-5 dm. tall : inflorescence umbel-like, subtended by a leaf- 

 like bract : peduncles conspicuously unequal, each terminated by an oblong or a cyliudric 

 spike : sepals and petals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, greenish or pale brown, acuminate, 

 soft and hyaline at the tip : capsules obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, manifestly longer than thick, 

 much surpassed by the sepals and petals. [Luzula campestris Chapm. in part, not DC.] 



In woodlands, North Carolina to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 



3. Juncoides bulbosum (Wood) Small. Base of the plants accompanied by bulb- 

 lets. Foliage almost glabrous or somewhat webby on the leaf-margins and at the tops of 

 the sheaths : stems 1-4 dm. tall, usually lower than those of J. echinatum : inflorescence 

 umbel-like, the peduncles very unequal at maturity : sepals and petals ovate-lanceolate or 

 lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long, brownish, acuminate, neither manifestly soft nor hyaline at 

 the apex : capsules broadly obovoid, or globose-obovoid, often nearly as thick as long, sur- 

 passing the sepals or sometimes about equalling them. 



In woods, thickets and open sandy places, Virginia to Kansas, Georgia and Texas. Spring. 



FAMILY; 3. ALLIACEAE Batsch. ONION FAMILY. 



Perennial mainly scapose herbs, with bulbs or conns. Leaves basal or more 

 rarely cauline : blades narrow. Flowers in terminal umbels, which are at first 

 enveloped in and finally subtended by a scarious involucre. Perianth sometimes 

 conspicuous. Sepals and petals 3 each, quite similar in shape, usually mem- 

 branous, distinct or partially united. Androecium of 6 stamens. Filaments 

 usually distinct. Anthers 2-celled. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary 

 superior, 3-celled. Styles united. Ovules 1-several in each cavity. Fruit a 

 loculicidal capsule, 3-lobed, sometimes crested. 



Sepals and petals distinct or nearly so. 



Ovules or seeds 1 or 2 in each cavity : plants with an onion-like odor. 



Ovules 2 in each cavity : scape or stem accompanied by leaves. 1. ALLIUM. 



Ovule 1 in each cavity : scape not accompanied by leaves. 2. VAUDALLIUM. 



Ovules or seeds several in each cavity : plants destitute of an onion-like odor. 3. NOTHOSCORDIUM. 



Sepals and petals united to about the middle. 4. ANDROSTEPHIUM. 



1. ALLIUM L. 



Characteristically odorous herbs, with solitary or clustered bulbs. Leaves basal or 

 mainly so : blades narrow, sometimes hollow or keeled, several. Scapes or stems simple, 

 often hollow. Flowers perfect, in terminal usually simple umbels subtended by 2-3 thin 

 bracts. Perianths of various colors, often white, pink, green or purple, persistent : sepals 

 and petals distinct or nearly so. Stamens 6, adnate to the bases of the sepals and petals : 

 filaments filiform or dilated, sometimes toothed : anthers opening introrsely. Ovary sessile 

 or nearly so, more or less completely 3-celled : style filiform, jointed : stigma somewhat 

 depressed. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Capsule membranous, loculicidal. ONION. GARLIC. 



Bulbs with membranous outer coats. 



Umbels horizontal or nodding during anthesis. 



Perianth campanulate, mostly white or pink : sepals acute. 1. A. cernuum. 



Perianth urn-shaped, mostly deep purple : sepals obtuse or notched. 2. A. Attegkeniense. 



Umbels erect. 



Caulescent : naturalized species. 3. A. vineale. 



Scapose : Texano-Mexican species. 4. A. scaposum. 



Bulbs with fibrous outer coats. 



Sepals and petals obtuse or notched : flowers mostly replaced by bulblets. 



Umbels simple. 5. A. Canadense. 



Umbels 1-2-proliferous. 6. A. continuum. 



Sepals and petals acute or acuminate : flowers rarely replaced by bulblets. 

 Ovary and valves of the capsule not crested. 

 Pedicels 16-25 mm. long. 



Sepals and petals 5-7 mm. long : bulbs mostly over 2 cm. long. 7. A. mutabile. 



Sepals and petals 4-5 mm. long : bulbs mostly less than 1.5 cm. long. 8. A. microscordion. 

 Pedicels 8-12 mm. long. 



Bulbs usually solitary ; the outer coats with loosely woven fibers : 



sepals and petals 4-5 mm. long. 9. A. arenicola. 



Bulbs usually 2 together ; the outer coats with tightly woven fibers : 



sepals and petals 6-7 mm. long. 10. A. Helleri. 



Ovary and valves of the capsule crested. 11. A. Cuthbertii. 



