312 ORCIIIDACEAE 



dm. long, usually accompanied by a scale : scapes erect, 1-5 dm. tall, simple, bearing 1 or 

 rarely 2 flowers at the top : bracts linear to lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long : sepals oblong to 

 lanceolate, 3-4 cm. long, acute or rather obtuse : lateral petals narrower and longer than 

 the sepals, acute : lip showy, obovoid, 4-6 mm. long, surpassing the other perianth-mem- 

 bers, pink with darker venation, or white, upper part crested within with long white hairs : 

 capsule oblong, 3.5-4 cm. long, slightly curved. [Oypripedium acaule Ait.] 



In sandy woods and sphagnous bogs, Newfoundland to Minnesota, North Carolina and Tennessee. 

 Spring. MOCCASIN FLOWER. PURPLE SLIPPER. 



3. GALEORCHIS Rydb. 



Acaulescent fleshy herbs, with short roostocks and several coarse fleshy roots. Leaves 2, 

 basal, thick and succulent. Flowers in terminal spikes. Perianth showy, ringent. Sepals 

 nearly equal, united above, converging. Lateral petals converging similar to the sepals 

 and somewhat adnate to them. Lip united to the base of the column, with a short spur 

 below. Column short, barely extending beyond the base of the lip. Anther 2-celled : 

 sacs contiguous, slightly divergent. Pollen-masses granulose, 1 in each sac produced into 

 a slender tail, this attached to a small gland. Style terminating in a knob-like projection 

 under the anther. Stigma hollow, between the anther-sacs. Glands enclosed in a pouch. 

 Capsule slightly elongated, beakless. 



1. Galeorchis spectabilis (L. ) Kydb. Roots thick, clustered : leaf -blades usually 2, 

 preceded by 1 or 2 clasping scales, oblong-elliptic, elliptic or oval, sometimes slightly broad- 

 est above the middle, obtuse, narrowed into sheathing petiole-like bases : scapes stout, 1-3 

 dm. tall : spike 3-12-flowered : bracts oblong or lanceolate, commonly surpassing the per- 

 ianth : perianth violet-purple or white : spur obtuse, fully 1.5 cm. long : column violet on 

 the back : capsules angled, 2-2.5 cm. long. [Orchis spectab His L.] 



In woods, New Brunswick to Ontario, Minnesota, Georgia, Kentucky and Nebraska. Spring. 

 SHOWY ORCHIS. 



4. PERULARIA Lindl. 



Caulescent herbs, with thick fibrous clustered roots. Leaves alternate : blades entire. 

 Flowers relatively small in elongated spikes. Bracts narrow, elongated. Perianth yel- 

 lowish or greenish. Sepals and lateral petals spreading, relatively broad. Lip lanceolate, 

 with a tooth on each side near the base, and a median tubercle. Spur slender, straight, 

 shorter than the ovary but longer than the lip. Anthers with horizontal valves opening 

 upward, dilated at the base, thus forming an oblong cavity enclosing the orbicular incurved 

 gland. Pollen-masses granulose, each produced at the base into a tail. 



1. Pemlaria flava (L. ) Rydb. Roots clustered, elongated, stems 3-6 dm. tall : leaf- 

 blades elliptic, oblong or lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long, or shorter above, with clasping bases : 

 spikes elongated : bracts surpassing the perianth : perianth greenish or yellowish green : 

 sepals ovate or orbicular-ovate, obtuse : lateral petals similar to the sepals but rather 

 shorter, crisped : lip somewhat longer than the petals, erose or crenulate, with 2 lateral 

 projections and a medium basal callosity : spur sac-like, surpassing the lip, obtuse : cap- 

 sules oblong, 8-10 mm. long. [Habenaria flava (L. ) A. Gray.] 



In low grounds, Ontario to Minnesota, Florida and Louisiana. Summer. 



5. COELOGLOSSUM Hartman. 



Caulescent herbs, with biennial 2-branched tubers. Leaves alternate : blades entire. 

 Flowers perfect, in elongated spikes. Bracts leaf-like, relatively long. Perianth green- 

 ish. Sepals free, converging, thus forming a hood. Lateral petals narrow. Lip obtuse, 

 2-3-toothed at the apex. Spur sac-like, obtuse, much shorter than the lip. Column short. 

 Pollen-masses with long tails': glands small, barely wider than the tail of the pollinia, sur- 

 rounded by a thin membrane. 



1. Coeloglossum bracteata (Willd.) Parl. Roots coarse, or even tuber-like : stems 

 2-6 dm. tall : leaf-blades oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 1-1.5 dm. 

 long or shorter above, varying from acute to obtuse : spikes loosely flowered, 5-15 cm. 

 long : bracts linear-lanceolate, 1.5-4 cm. long, surpassing the perianth : perianth green or 

 greenish : sepals ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long : lateral petals very narrow, or filiform : 

 lip oblong-spatulate, 6-8 mm. long, 2-3-toothed or lobed at the apex : spur club-shaped : 

 capsules oblong, 8-10 mm. long. [Platanthera btacteata (Willd. ) Torr.] 



In meadows or woods, New Brunswick to British Columbia, North Carolina and Nebraska. Spring. 



