ORCHIDACEAE 321 



than the stem : sepals oblong or linear-oblong, about 3 mm. long, obtuse or acutish, re- 

 flexed : lip wedge-shaped, 6-7 mm. long, with 2 prominent teeth on both sides near the 

 base, sharply cleft to near the middle, the lobes rounded. [L. renifonnis Small, not D. Don. ] 

 In damp thickets on the mountains, Pennsylvania to Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee 

 Spring and summer. 



2. Listera australis Lindl. Foliage glabrous below the inflorescence. Stem 1-3 

 dm. tall : leaves opposite ; blades ovate or triangular-ovate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, acute, or 

 apiculate, truncate or slightly cordate at the base : racemes 5-8 cm. long, red-glandular : 

 pedicels slender, 2-6 mm. long : bracts round, ovate, much shorter than the pedicels : 

 perianth yellowish green : sepals broadly ovate, about 1 mm. long : petals about as long as 

 the sepals, rather narrower, striped with purple : lip 6-10 times longer than the petals, 

 cleft to near the base ; lobes narrowly linear or setaceous, with a small tooth in the sinus. 



In wet soil, New York to South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. Spring. 



16. FERAMIUM Salisb. 



Caulescent herbs, with coarse fleshy-fibrous roots and usually glandular-pubescent 

 foliage. Leaves mainly basal, and reduced to sheathing scales on the stem : blades com- 

 monly blotched. Flowers in terminal dense or loose spikes. Perianth inconspicuous, 

 often white or pink. Sepals 3, the 2 lateral ones distinct, the upper one united with the 

 lateral petals. Lip sessile, concave or sac-like, without callosities. Anther short-stalked 

 on the column, erect or incumbent, without a lid. Pollen-masses 2, one in each sac, 

 angular, attached to a small disk, this cohering with the stigma. Column straight, rela- 

 tively small. Capsule erect or drooping. [Goodyera R. Br.] RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN. 



Spike one-sided, somewhat spirally twisted : lip ending in an oblong, recurved tip : stigma 2-toothed. 



1. P. ophioides. 

 Spike cylindric : lip ending in an ovate, straight tip : stigma entire. 2. P. pubescens. 



1. Peramium ophioides (Fernald) Rydb. Foliage glandular-pubescent. Stem very 

 short, leafy : leaves approximate ; blades ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 1-2 cm. long, blotched 

 with white, mostly along the cross nerves, abruptly contracted into sheathing petioles, 

 glabrate : scapes erect, 1-2.5 dm. tall, simple, with several sheathing bracts, racemes spike- 

 like, 6-10 cm. long, one-sided : perianth whitish, 4-5 mm. long : galea concave with a 

 short recurved tip : lip saccate, with a recurved tip : capsules oblong, 6-8 mm. long. 

 [Goodyera repens of Am. Auth., not R. Br.] 



In damp woods, Nova Scotia to Alaska (?), North Carolina, Minnesota and Colorado. Summer. 



2. Feramium pubescens ( Willd. ) MacM. Foliage more or less pubescent. Stem 

 very short, leafy : leaves approximate ; blades leathery, oblong, elliptic or ovate, 2-5 cm. 

 long, mottled with white, glabrate or glabrous, contracted into sheathing petioles : spikes 

 cylindric, 5-15 cm. long, continuous : perianth white or pink, 4-5.5 mm. long: lateral 

 sepals ovate: lip saccate, with a blunt tip : capsule oval, 7-9 mm. long. [Goodyera pu- 

 bescens (Willd.) R. Br.] 



In woods, Newfoundland to Minnesota, Florida and Tennessee. Summer. 



17. PONTHIEVA R. Br. 



Terrestrial caulescent herbs, with clustered roots and glabrous or pubescent foliage. 

 Leaves mainly basal : t blades thinnish. Flowers in terminal glandular-pubescent 

 racemes. Perianth not showy. Sepals nearly equal, the lateral spreading, the middle one 

 converging with the petals. Lateral petals nearly like the sepals, adnate to the middle of 

 the column. Lip posterior, dilated above, concave, narrowed into a claw and adnate to the 

 column below. Anther narrow, on the back of the column, stalked. Column 2-lobed, 

 beaked. Pollen-masses 4, narrow, powdery. Capsules erect, beakless. 



1. Ponthieva glandulosa (Sims) R. Br. Roots coarse, elongated : stems scape-like, 

 2-5 dm. tall : leaves mainly near the base of the stem ; blades various, those of basal leaves 

 oblong or elliptic, 4-12 cm. long, spreading ; those of the stem reduced to sheathing 

 scales, erect or nearly so : spike glandular-pubescent, 3-15 cm. long : bracts linear-lanceo- 

 late, 5-10 mm. long : sepals ovate, oblique, 4-5 mm. long, acute : lateral petals larger than 

 the sepals ; blades about as broad as long, curved, acute, undulate, short-clawed : lip firm. 



In open woods, North Carolina to Florida. Also in tropical America. Fall. 



18. LIMODORUM L. 



Scapose herbs, with conns arising from similar members of the previous year. Leaf 

 solitary, appearing one year, followed the next year by a scape and 1 or 2 basal leaves. 

 21 



