332 JUGLANDACEAE 



in a cavity, orthotropous or half-anatropous. Fruit a collection of winged 

 achenes subtended by the accrescent bracts. Seed solitary, with a membranous 

 testa. Embryo straight, with equal flat cotyledons. 



FAMILY 1. CASUARINACEAE Lindl. BEEFWOOD FAMILY. 

 Characters of the order. 



1. CASUARINA Adans. 



The only genus. BEEFWOOD. 



1. Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. A tree often K) m. high, with numerous very slender 

 Equisetum-like branchlets. Scales (leaves) appressed, or the older ones recurved, 1-3 mm. 

 long, acute, ciliate, 6-8 in a whorl at each node, their ribs decurrent as ridges on the 

 branches and branchlets : staminate spikes slender, terminal, 1-4 cm. long ; bracts appressed 

 and imbricated : stamens exserted : pistillate spikes subglobose on lateral peduncles 1-2 

 cm. long : fruiting heads globose or oblong, 1-2 cm. in diameter : seeds 2 mm. long, pale, 

 with the wing 5 mm. long. 



In sand, southern peninsular Florida and the Keys. Spring and summer. A native of the East, 

 now widely distributed in the tropics. 



Order 3. JUGLANDALES. 



Monoecious aromatic very valuable timber trees, with a close or scaly resi- 

 nous bark, and almost naked or scaly buds. Leaves alternate, exstipulate : blades 

 pinnately compound, or rarely entire or toothed. Staminate flowers in lateral 

 aments, arising from the tw T igs of the preceding or present year : perianth an 

 irregularly 2-6-lobed calyx, which is sometimes united to a bract, or wanting : 

 androecium of several rows of stamens inserted on the calyx ; filaments distinct ; 

 anther-sacs opening lengthwise. Pistillate flowers solitary or clustered, terminal, 

 consisting of an incompletely 2-4-celled ovary, subtended by an involucre com- 

 posed of a more or less united bract and 2 lateral bractlets : calyx of 1 or sev- 

 eral parts inserted on the ovary : style or stigmas terminal, the latter sometimes 

 plumose : ovule solitary, orthotropous, erect. Fruit drupe-like, the hard or 

 fibrous dehiscent or indehiscent husk enclosing a crustaceous or bony smooth or 

 sculptured nut. Seed oily, with a membranous testa. Endosperm wanting. 

 Embryo large, with fleshy wrinkled often 2-lobed cotyledons. 



FAMILY 1. JUGLANDACEAE Lindl. WALNUT FAMILY. 

 Characters of the order. 



Staminate aments stout, simple, sessile or short-stalked : husk indehiscent : nut sculptured. 1. JUGLANS. 

 Staminate aments slender, branched, long-stalked : husk dehiscent : nut not sculptured. 2. HICOKIA. 



1. JUGLANS L. 



Trees often subglobose in outline, with durable and aromatic wood, watery sap, and 

 a furrowed resinous bark. Pith in plates. Leaflets conduplicate in vernation : blades 

 membranous. Staminate aments solitary, simple, arising from the branchlets of the pre- 

 ceding year, drooping : calyx 3-6-lobed : stamens in several rows : anthers glabrous, each 

 surmounted by a conspicuous connective. Pistillate flowers solitary or several in terminal 

 spike-like clusters on the twigs of the present year : sepals adnate to the ovary : ovary in- 

 ferior : stigmas plumose, spreading. Fruit globose or oblong-cylindric, sometimes obscurely 

 angled : husk indehiscent, glabrous or glandular-hirsute : nut deeply sculptured, thick- 

 walled. Seed with 2-lobed cotyledons. The plants flower in the spring and mature their 

 fruit in the fall. 



Fruit elongated, viscid-pubescent: nut 4-angled, 2-celled below the middle: heart- wood light brown. 



1. J. cincrca. 



Fruit globose or subglobose, glabrous : nut not angled, 4-celled below the middle : 

 heart-wood dark brown. 



