FAGACEAE 353 



varying from 1-4 cm. in length; cup turbinate, 10 mm. broad, tomentose, its scales appressed, 

 slightly thickened near the base, fringed at the edge ; nut ovoid or narrowly oval, 10-17 

 mm. long, twice surpassing the cup. 



In sandy soil, chiefly in the scrub, Florida to Mississippi. LIVE OAK. 



24. Quercus Virginiana Mill. A large evergreen tree, reaching a maximum height 

 of about 30 m. and a trunk diameter of about 2.5 m., the trunk clothed with a pale-gray or 

 white furrowed bark. Leaf -blades leathery, oblong or oval, varying to obovate or oblanceo- 

 late, 3-12 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, entire (except on shoots), more or less revolute, 

 glabrous and often shining above, glabrous or sparingly pubescent beneath, never rugose ; 

 petioles 0.5-1 cm. long : acorns solitary or spicate at the ends of the usually long pedun- 

 cles ; cup hemispheric, often slightly constricted at the base, 15-20 mm. broad, its scales 

 appressed, the lower ones thickened on the back ; nut ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 2-2.5 cm. 

 long, twice longer than the cup. [$. wrens Ait] 



In sandy soil chiefly near the coast, Virginia to Florida and Mexico, also in Cuba. LIVE OAK. 



25. Quercus fusiformis Small. A shrub 1.5-3 m. tall, with slender or switch-like 

 stems or branches. Leaves persistent ; blades leathery, oblong or oblong-ovate, 3-5 cm. 

 long, entire or sparingly spiny-toothed on twigs, gray-green and lustrous above, paler and 

 scurfy-tomentulose beneath, slightly revolute, rounded or truncate at the oblique base, 

 short-petioled : acorns numerous, solitary or several on slender peduncles ; cup turbinate, 

 10-12 mm. high, gray ; nut fusiform, 2-2.5 cm. long, acute, conspicuously striate, thrice 

 surpassing the cup. 



On arid limestone and granite hills, central Texas. LIVE OAK. 



26. Quercus undulata Torr. A shrub or small tree, with slender often switch-like 

 stems or branches. Leaves numerous, persistent ; blades firm and leathery, oblong or 

 slightly broadest above or below the middle, 2-5 cm. long, sinuate-toothed, somewhat re- 

 sembling those of Ilex opaca, light bluish or brownish green and lustrous above, dull, 

 somewhat reticulated and obscurely puberulent beneath ; petioles 2-6 mm. long, puberu- 

 lent : acorns sessile, 8-15 mm. long ; cup hemispheric, 5-7 mm. broad, not quite as high, 

 with minute gray scales ; nut cylindric or barrel-shaped, usually over twice as long as the 

 cup, brown. 



On escarpment hills, Colorado to Texas and Arizona. SWITCH OAK. 



27. Quercus Durandi Buckl. A tree sometimes, becoming 16 m. tall, with a trunk 

 diameter of nearly 1 m., but often much smaller, the bark pale or light gray and somewhat 

 scaly. Leaves numerous ; blades narrowly oblong varying to broadest above the middle or 

 below it, 4-10 cm. long, entire, or slightly 5-lobed near the blunt or slightly notched apex, 

 rather leathery, pale green and lustrous above, very pale or whitish tomentulose beneath, 

 gradually or abruptly narrowed at the base, short-petioled : acorns nearly sessile ; cup very 

 shallow, thickish, the thin acute scales appressed, whitish tomentulose ; nut ovoid or some- 

 what depressed, about 1 cm. long, only about 2 mm. included in the cup. 



In dry soil, often near streams, Alabama to eastern Texas. 



28. Quercus Laceyi Small. A shrub or small tree, becoming 6 m. tall, with a rough 

 deeply and irregularly grooved bark. Leaves numerous, rather tardily deciduous ; blades 

 oblong and with 3-5 shallow lobes, or oblong-obovate and more prominently 3-lobed below 

 the apex, 4-8 cm. long, olive-green and with a waxy lustre above, grayish and slightly and 

 minutely scurfy beneath, sometimes truncate or subcordate at the base, short-petioled : 

 acorns sessile or nearly so ; cup shallowly saucer-shaped, 12-17 mm. broad, stout and corky, 

 coarsely warty ; nut oblong to oblong-ovoid, 15-19 mm. long, often depressed at the apex : 

 seed very bitter. 



On the summits of Caprina limestone hills, south-central Texas. BASTARD OAK. MOUNTAIN OAK. 



29. Quercus austrina Small. A tree, reaching a height of 15 m. and a trunk diam- 

 eter of about 1 m. with a roughish bark and smooth reddish glaucous twigs. Leaf -blades 

 cuneate to oblong-cuneate, 5-15 cm. long, with 3-5 blunt lobes above the middle, bright 

 green but not lustrous above, white tomentulose but soon becoming glabrous and more or 

 less glaucous beneath, short-petioled : staminate aments 5-7 cm. long, slender : acorns 

 1.5-2 cm. long. 



On river banks, Georgia and Alabama. 



30. Quercus Chapmanii Sarg. A rigid shrub, or a small tree, with a maximum height 

 of 10 m. and a trunk diameter of 3 dm., the trunk clothed with a dark bark which separates 

 in irregular plates. Leaf-blades obovate or oblong, thickish, 5-10 cm. long, undulate or 

 usually shallowly 3-lobed near the apex, or merely angulate, glabrous and lustrous above, 

 sparingly pubescent beneath, more or less revolute, nearly sessile or short-petioled : acorns 

 sessile or nearly so ; cup depressed-hemispheric, 15-20 mm. broad, its scales tuberculate- 



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