FAGACEAE 355 



38. Quercus macrocarpa Michx. A large forest tree, reaching a maximum height of 

 about 55 m. and a trunk diameter of 2.5 m., the trunk clothed with a brown or gray flaky 

 bark. Leaf-blades thinnish, obovate or spatulate in outline, 1-3 dm. long, glabrous and shin- 

 ing above, with fine white or gray tornentum beneath, pinnatifid into mostly diverging lobes 

 or sometimes crenate-sinuate, the terminal lobe largest and usually coarsely crenate ; peti- 

 oles 1-3 cm. long : acorns on naked or leafy peduncles ; cup deeply hemispheric or sub- 

 globose, 3-5 cm. long, the lower scales tuberculate on the back, the upper ones prolonged 

 into long thread-like tips ; nut subglobose or broadly oblong, 3-5 cm. long, pubescent, 

 especially towards the apex, often twice as long as the cup. 



In rich woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, Georgia and Texas. MOSSY-CUP OAK. BUR OAK. 



39. Quercus lyrata Walt. A handsome tree, reaching a maximum height of about 

 35 m. and a trunk diameter of more than 1 m., the trunk clothed with a brown or dark gray 

 bark which separates in narrow scales. Leaf-blades rather thin, obovate or spatulate in out- 

 line, deep green, glabrous and shining above, white-tomentose or glabrate beneath, lyrate- 

 pinnatifid ; petioles 0.5-2 cm. long : acorns usually short-penduncled ; cup hemispheric or 

 depressed-globose, 2-4 cm. broad, the scales thickened on the back, not prolonged into con- 

 spicuous tips along the edge ; nut ovoid and exserted or depressed -globose, ovoid and nearly 

 or completely included in the cup. 



Mostly in swamps, New Jersey and Missouri to Florida and Texas. SWAMP WHITE OAK. OVERCUP 

 OAK. SWAMP POST OAK. 



40. Quercus Margaretta Ashe. A shrub, or a small tree, sometimes 10 m. tall, 

 with glabrous twigs, the bark very rough. Leaves numerous ; blades oval or obovate in 

 outline, 6-9 cm. long, undulate, sinuate or rather shallowly 3-5-lobed above the middle, 

 smooth and mostly shining above, pale green or glaucous and more or less pubescent about 

 the nerves beneath, short-petioled : acorns sessile or short-ped uncled ; cup turbinate-hemis- 

 pheric, 11-14 mm. broad, the lower scales much larger than the marginal ; nut oblong 

 to ovoid-oblong, 12-14 mm. long, one-half or less included in the cup, pubescent at the 

 beaked apex. 



In pine lands or woods, Virginia to Florida and Alabama. 



41. Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sarg. A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of 30 

 m. and a trunk diameter of about 1.5 m., the trunk clothed with a narrowly ridged bark. 

 Leaf -blades thickish, broadly obovate in outline, 1-2 dm. long, or smaller in the Southwest, 

 dark green, shining and sparingly pubescent or glabrate above, finely tomentose with gray 

 or yellowish hairs beneath, pinnatifid into usually 5 rather broad diverging lobes ; petioles 

 1-3 cm. long : acorns often clustered ; cup hemispheric, constricted at the base, 15-20 mm. 

 broad, the scales flat, often somewhat spreading ; nut ovoid, 15-20 mm. long, pubescent at 

 the top, twice or thice as long as the cup. 



In dry rocky soil, Massachusetts to Missouri, Kansas, Florida and Texas. POST OAK. IRON OAK. 



42. Quercus Boyntonii Beadle. A shrub 1-5 m. tall, usually in large clumps, or 

 occasionally with the aspect of a small tree, the trunk less than 1 dm. in diameter, the 

 twigs clothed with a yellowish brown or brown tomentum, the bark of the main sterns fissured 

 and broken into irregular scales. Leaves deciduous ; blades obovate in outline, 5-9 cm. long, 

 with 3-5 small obtuse lobes above the middle or usually near the summit, often cuneately 

 narrowed to the base, soon glabrous and lustrous above, permanently tomentose beneath : 

 acorns sometimes short-peduncled ; cup turbinate or cup-shaped, the closely imbricated 

 acute or acutish scales densely tomentose ; nut oval or ovoid, about 12 mm. long, brown 

 and striped, pale-pubescent at the apex, less than one-half enclosed in the cup. 



In rocky soil, Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 



43. Quercus alba L. A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of 45 m. and a 

 trunk diameter of 2. m., the trunk clothed with a pale gray or white scaly or flaky bark. 

 Leaf-blades obovate in outline, 1-2 dm. long, pale green above, glaucous beneath, finally 

 glabrous, pinnatifid into 3-9, or usually, 7 ascending lobes, these entire or shallowly lobed ; 

 petioles 1-2 cm. long : acorns sometimes clustered ; cup saucer-shaped or shallowly hemi- 

 spheric, woody, 15-20 mm. broad, its bracts often tuberculate, except near the edge ; nut 

 oblong-ovoid, 15-25 mm. long, surpassing the cup 3-4 times. 



In woods, Maine to Ontario, Minnesota, Nebraska, Florida and Texas. WHITE OAK. 



Order 8. URTICALES. 



Shrubs or trees with a hard wood, or herbs. Leaves alternate, or in the 

 case of herbs often opposite : blades simple, entire, toothed or divided. Flowers 

 various, never in aments. Calyx present. Corolla wanting. Androecium often 



