364 ULMACEAE 



ously fringed with cilia, and pubescent all over, prolonged into 2 slender hooked beaks : 

 seeds ovate-lanceolate. 



Chiefly along streams, Virginia to Kansas, Florida and Texas. Late winter and spring. WAHOO. 



4. Ulmus Floridana Chapm. A small tree, sometimes 20 m. tall, with a maximum 

 trunk diameter of about 1 m., its mature leafy twigs purple, glabrous. Leaf -blades firm, 

 leathery, oblong, oval or ovate or rarely ovate-lanceolate, 3-12 cm. long, acute or short- 

 acuminate, doubly or triply serrate with appressed or incurved teeth, inequilateral, oblique 

 at the base, glabrous, smooth or rough above, more or less pubescent beneath, short- 

 petioled : flowers vernal in somewhat clustered racemes : pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long, glabrous : 

 calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm. long : samara ovate, 11-13 mm. long, reticulated, ciliate, the 

 tips erect or nearly so. 



On river banks, North Carolina to Florida. Late winter and early spring. 



5. Ulmus Americana L. A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of about 40 m., 

 with a trunk diameter of 1-3 m., its mature leafy twigs pubescent. Leaf-blades oval or 

 ovate, 5-10 cm. long, short-acuminate, usually doubly serrate, with more or less incurved 

 teeth, inequilateral, oblique at the base, sometimes cordate, glabrous or nearly smooth 

 above, sparingly pubescent and prominently nerved beneath, short-petioled : flowers 

 vernal, clustered : pedicels 1-1.3 cm. long, glabrous : calyx campanulate, 2-3 mm. long : 

 samara oval or obovate, 10-12 mm. long, reticulated, fringed, the tips strongly convergent : 

 seeds central, oval or elliptic. 



Along water courses, Newfoundland to Saskatchewan, Florida and Texas. Late winter and early 

 spring. WHITE or WATER ELM. 



6. Ulmus fulva Michx. A tree, becoming 25 m. tall, with a trunk, diameter of less 

 than 1 m., the twigs and leaves scabrous pubescent : inner bark mucilaginous. Leaf-blades 

 ovate, oval or obovate, or those on shoots lanceolate, acuminate, doubly or triply serrate, 

 obliquely truncate or cordate at the base, scabrous-pubescent on both sides, short-petioled : 

 flowers vernal, in dense clusters, nearly sessile or the pedicels 1-2 mm. long ; calyx cam- 

 panulate, pubescent, 3 mm. long, the lobes half-orbicular : samaras suborbicular, 14-17 

 mm. in diameter, finely pubescent, with a slightly thickened margin not fringed with cilia : 

 seeds oval, 5-6 mm. long. 



On banks and in rocky soil, Quebec to North Dakota, Florida and Texas. Early spring. SLIPPERY 

 ELM. 



2. PLANERA J. F. Gmel. 



Small trees, with a scaly bark and very slender somewhat flexuous branchlets. Leaves 

 three-ranked : blades rather rigid, crenate-serrate with gland-tipped teeth, otherwise elm- 

 like. Flowers polygamo-monoecious : staminate in clusters arising from the axils of the 

 branchlets : pistillate (or perfect) solitary or several together in the axils of the leaves. 

 Calyx campanulate, somewhat scarious, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5, exserted : filaments fili- 

 form : anthers introrse, notched at the apex, cordate at the base. Ovary short -stalked, 

 1-celled, tuberculate, surmounted by two recurved introrse stigmas. Nut-like fruit dry- 

 leathery, covered with irregular elongated wart-like projections. Seed solitary, flattened, 

 with a lustrous testa. PLANER-TREE. WATER ELM. 



1. Planera aquatica (Walt. ) J. F. Gmel. A small tree 4-12 m. tall, with a maxi- 

 mum trunk diameter of about 6 dm. Bark smooth or scaly : leaf-blades ovate or elliptic- 

 ovate, 3-8 cm. long, acute or obtuse, singly or doubly serrate or crenate-serrate, inequilat- 

 eral, oblique at the base, finely reticulated and deep green above, glabrous or minutely 

 pubescent and paler beneath, short-petioled : staminate flowers in clusters or clustered 

 racemes : pistillate flowers solitary or several in an axil : pedicel longer than the calyx : 

 calyx turbinate-campanulate, about 2 -mm. long,Hhe lobes ovate, obtuse : fruit ovoid, about 

 1 cm. long, surpassing its pedicel in length, tuberculate-echinate with soft processes. 



In river swamps, Indiana and Missouri to North Carolina, Florida and Texas. Early spring. 



3. CELTIS L. 



Unarmed shrubs or trees, with a thin smooth or extensively corky-ridged bark. Leaves 

 2-ranked : blades oblique, entire or serrate, membranous or somewhat leathery. Flowers 

 polygamo-monoecious, or rarely monoecious, axillary, on the new branchlets : staminate 

 solitary or clustered : pistillate solitary or a few together near the ends of the branchlets. 

 Calyx 4-5-lobed, deciduous. Stamens 4-5 : filaments incurved : anthers extrorse, loosely 

 attached just above the base. Ovary sessile, 1-celled, prolonged into two recurved stigmas. 

 Drupe subglobose with a firm outer coat, the pulp scant and the stone bony, its surface 

 smooth or rugose. Seed filling the cavity of the stone. The plants flower in the spring. 

 HACKBERRY. SUGAR-BERRY. 



