KANUNCULACEAE 435 



2. Aconitum reclinatum A. Gray. Stems trailing, 0.5-2.5 m. long : leaf -blades 

 3-7 -cleft, all but the upper petioled, thin, the lower 15-20 cm. broad, mainly obovate, 

 acute, toothed and cleft toward the apex : panicle or raceme loose, pubescent : flowers 

 white or yellowish, 16-20 mm. long : hood horizontal or nearly so, elongated-conic, with 

 a straight short beak : follicles 10 mm. long, each with a slender divergent beak. 



In woods, Cheat Mountain, Virginia, and along the Alleghenies to Georgia. Summer. TRAILING 



WOLFBANE. 



12. HEPATICA Scop. 



Perennial scapose herbs, with short often tufted rootstocks. Leaves basal : blades 

 long-petioled, thick, 3-lobed, evergreen. Flowers white or purple, solitary on slender 

 scapes. Involucre, of 3 small sessile bracts close under the flower, simulating a calyx. 

 Sepals membranous, petal-like. Petals wanting. Stamens all anther-bearing. Achenes 

 short-beaked, pubescent. 



Lobes of the leaf-blades and bracts of the involucres obtuse. 1. H. Hepatica. 



Lobes of the leaf-blades and bracts of the involucres acute. 2. //. acuta. 



1. Hepatica Hepatica '(L. ) Karst. Koots fibrous. Leaves basal; blades long- 

 petioled, reniform, 5-8 cm. broad when mature, spreading on the ground, 3-lobed, the 

 lobes sometimes toothed or again lobed, obtuse : scapes 1-1.5 dm. long, villous : involucre 

 of 3 sessile obtuse oblong bracts immediately under the flower : calyx blue, purple or white, 

 12-20 mm. broad : sepals oval or oblong, obtuse, longer than the stamens : achenes several, 

 4-5 mm. long, oblong, acute, hairy, [H. triloba Chaix. ] 



In woods, often in large tufts, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, northern Florida and Missouri. Also in 

 Europe and Asia. Winter to spring. HEPATICA. LIVER-LEAF. 



2. Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton. Plant closely resembling the preceding species 

 but often larger ; differing in that the lobes of the leaf-blades and the bracts of the invo- 

 lucres are acute or acutish. [Jf. acutiloba DC.] 



In woods, Quebec to Minnesota and in the Alleghenies to Georgia, but rare or absent near the 

 Atlantic coast. Spring. HEPATICA. LIVER-LEAF. 



13. ANEMONE L. 



Perennial herbs, with horizontal rootstocks and erect scapes. Leaves basal : blades 

 lobed, divided or dissected, petioled. Bracts similar to leaves, forming an involucre re- 

 mote from the flower. Sepals 4-20, petal-like. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, 

 shorter than the sepals. Carpels several or numerous. Achenes compressed, 1 -seeded. 



Achenes densely long-woolly. 

 Scapes simple, 1-flowered. 



Involucre mostly above the middle of the scape : tips of the achenes not pro- 

 jecting beyond the wool. 1. A. decapetala. 

 Involucre mostly below the middle of the scape : tips of the achenes project- 

 ing beyond the wool. 2. A. Caroliniana. 

 Scapes mostly 'branched, several-flowered. 



Sepals greenish : head of fruit mostly over 1 cm. thick : achenes with spread- 

 ing styles. 3. A. Virginiana. 

 Sepals clear white : head of fruit mostly less than 1 cm. thick : achenes with 



appressed or ascending styles. 4. A. riparia. 



Achenes glabrate or finely pubescent, never woolly. 



Divisions of the involucral bracts lobed or incised, membranous. 6. A. quinquefolia. 



Divisions of the involucral bracts merely toothed, leathery at maturity. 6. A. trifolia. 



1. Anemone decap6tala Ard. Foliage finely pubescent. Boot tuberous, oblong : 

 leaves few ; blades 3-divided, the segments ovate or ovate-oblong, crenate or crenate-cleft : 

 scape erect, 1-3 dm. tall, simple : bracts of the involucre very different from the leaf- 

 blades, mostly above the middle of the scape, nearly sessile, once or twice palmately cleft, 

 the segments linear, mostly entire : sepals 10-20, pink or greenish white : head of fruit 

 cylindric, 2-3.5 cm. long : achenes completely buried in the wool. 



On plains and prairies, Alabama, Arkansas, Texas and the Great Plains, south through Mexico to 

 Central America. Also in South America. Spring and summer. 



2. Anemone Caroliniana Walt. Foliage sparsely hairy. Leaves slender-petioled ; 

 blades 3-divided, the divisions variously lobed and parted : scapes 1-2.5 dm. high, arising 

 from a tuber, 6-8 mm. in diameter : bracts of the involucre sessile ; blades cleft : flower 

 erect, 18-36 mm. broad : sepals 6-20, linear-oblong, purple, varying to white : head of 

 fruit oblong : achenes densely woolly but the tips projecting. 



On open plains, Illinois to Wisconsin, Nebraska, Georgia and Texas. Spring. 



3. Anemone Virginiana L. Foliage hairy. Leaves with long petioles ; blades 

 broader than long, 3-parted, the divisions broadly cuneate-oblong, variously cleft and 



