fTY 



FUMAKIACEAE 463 



in racemes, panicles or cymes. Calyx of 2 scale-like sepals. Corolla of 4 petals : 

 outer (lateral) spreading above, both or one saccate or spurred at the base : 

 inner smaller, thickened at the tips, enclosing the stigma. Androecium of 6 

 stamens. Filaments diadelphous : anthers various, middle one 2-celled, lateral 

 1-celled. Gynoecium of 2 carpels united into a single pistil. Ovary 1-celled, 

 with 2 perietal placentae. Stigma flattened contrary to the placentae, 2-lobed 

 or 2-horned. Ovules amphitropous or anatropous, numerous or rarely solitary. 

 Fruit a silique-like capsule or rarely indehiscent. Seeds with a minute embryo 

 in fleshy endosperm. 



Each of the 2 outer petals spurred at the base. 



Petals permanently united and enclosing the capsule : seeds crestless : vines. 1. ADLUMIA. 



Petals lightly united, deciduous : seeds mostly crested : acaulescent herbs. 2. BICUOULLA. 

 One of the 2 outer petals spurred at the base. 



Ovules several or many : fruit an elongated capsule. 3. CAPNOIDES. 



Ovule solitary : fruit a glabrous nutlet. 4. FUMARIA. 



1. ADLUMIA Raf. 



Biennial or perennial tender climbing vines. Stems slender and elongated. Leaves 

 alternate : blades decompound, very delicate. Flowers perfect, irregular, white or pink, 

 in terminal racemes or panicles or these opposite the leaves. Sepals 2. Petals 4, perma- 

 nently united into a tube and enclosing the fruit, the two outer swollen below. Stamens 

 6, in 2 groups opposite the outer petals : filaments nionadelphous below, diadelphous above. 

 Ovary elongated : style filiform : stigma 2-lobed. Capsule in the remains of the corolla, 

 opening by 2 valves. Seeds crestless. 



1. Adlumia fungosa (Ait. ) Greene. A delicate vine climbing over various objects 

 by the tendril-like petioles. Stem slender, several meters long : leaf-blades decompound, 

 the primary divisions slender-stalked, the secondary divisions stouter-stalked, the ultimate 

 segments very thin, entire or lobed : cymes many-flowered, often dense : pedicels filiform, 

 0.5-1 cm. long : sepals scale-like : corolla 15-18 mm. long, pink or whitish : petals 4, the 

 2 outer with rounded bases and spreading or converging tips, the two inner with subor- 

 bicular blades about 1.5 mm. broad : capsule slender, 1.5-2 cm. long, few-seeded. [A. 

 cirrhosa Raf. ] 



In woods, New Brunswick to Michigan, Kansas and North Carolina. Summer and fall. ALLE- 

 GHENY VINE. CLIMBING FUMITORY. 



2. BICTTCULLA Adans. 



Perennial acaulescent herbs, with horizontal, granular or tuberous rootstocks. Leaves 

 basal : blades long-petioled, ternately divided and many-cleft, their texture delicate. 



I Scapes erect, simple, or branched above, naked. Flowers of various colors, perfect, irreg- 

 ular, in terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals 2, scale-like. Petals 4, the two outer spurred 

 at the base, loosely united, deciduous, the tips often spreading, the 2 inner crested, 

 clawed, their tips cohering. Stamens 6, in 2 groups opposite the outer petals : filaments 

 more or less diadelphous at the base. Ovary with two placentae : style filiform : stigma 

 2-4-lobed. Capsules elongated, opening by two valves. Seeds 10-20 in each capsule 

 crested. [Didytra Borck. Dicentra Bernh.j DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES. 



Racemes simple. ' 



Rootstocks with yellow tubers : spurs rounded : inner petals conspicuously crested. 1. B. Canadensis, 



Rootstocks without tubers : spurs spreading : inner petals minutely crested. 2. B. Cucullaria. 



Racemes compound. 3. B. eximia. 



1. Bicuculla Canad6nsis (Goldie) Millsp. Rootstocks slender, bearing numerous 

 pea-like tubers. Foliage bright green : leaves basal ; petioles 1-2 dm. long ; blades ter- 

 nately compound, the divisions delicately dissected, the ultimate segments linear or nearly 

 so : scapes erect, 2-3 dm. long, usually overtopping the leaves, simple : racemes 2-7 cm. 

 long, 2-10-flowered : pedicels 5-10 mm. long : corolla 1.5-2 cm. long, greenish white or 

 purplish tinged : petals 4, the outer produced into rounded sacs, the bases of which are 

 much shorter than the upper part, the apex hooded and recurved, the inner petals with 

 claws as long as the blades, their crests crisped, conspicuous. 



In rich woods, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, North Carolina and Missouri. Spring. SQUIRREL CORN. 



2. Bicuculla Cucullaria ( L. ) Millsp. Kootstocks bulb-like. Foliage often glauces- 

 cent : leaves basal, nearly similar to those of the preceding species : scapes erect, 1-3 dm. 

 tall, usually overtopped by the leaves : racemes 3-10 cm. long, 4-12-flowered : pedicels 



