KOSACEAE 523 



glabrous or finely canescent : sepals lanceolate, longer than the hypanthium, reflexed : 

 petals white, obovate to suborbicular, as long as the sepals, or shorter : fruiting heads 

 8-11 mm. long: achene-body 2.5-3 min. long, bristly above the middle. [G. album 

 Gmel.] 



On banks and in shaded soil, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. Spring and summer. 



3. Geum Virgtmanum L. Stems more or less densely pubescent with retrorse hairs, 

 3-9 dm. tall, branched above : leaves variable, the basal with long petioles and lobed, 3- 

 divided, or pinnate blades, the divisions lobed or incised ; stem-leaves with short-petioled 

 or sessile 3-5-lobed or parted blades : hypanthium hirsute : sepals lanceolate, acuminate : 

 petals white, obovate or cuneate, shorter than the sepals : fruiting heads 12-16 mm. long : 

 achene-body 2.5-3 mm. long, sparingly pubescent neur the apex. 



In thickets or low places, New Brunswick to Minnesota, North Carolina and Missouri. Spring and 

 summer. 



4. Geum geniculatum Michx. Stems hirsute, the hairs sometimes retrorse, 5-9 

 dm. tall, corymbosely branched above : leaves various, the basal with long petioles ; blades 

 toothed or 3-divided, the divisions 5-8 cm. long, coarsely toothed ; the stem-leaves similar, 

 but with shorter petioles, the terminal segment of the upper ones often acuminate : pe- 

 duncles densely pubescent : sepals lanceolate, acuminate : petals white, conspicuously 

 nerved, as long as the sepals or longer : achene-body 3.5-4.5 mm. long, tawny, bristly near 

 the edges. 



On high mountain slopes, North Carolina. Summer. 



5. Geum v6rnum ( Raf. ) T. & G. Stems branched at the base, the branches decum- 

 bent or ascending, 2-9 dm. long, glabrous or finely pubescent : leaves mainly basal, 5-20 

 cm. long, very variable, with long petioles ; basal with both lobed and pinnate blades, the 

 segments incised ; stem-leaves similar to the pinnate basal ones, but shorter-petioled : pe- 

 duncles commonly glabrous : sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, reflexed : petals broadly 

 cuneate, about as long as the sepals : fruiting heads 7-9 mm. in diameter : achene-body 3 

 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so. 



In shaded ground and thickets, Ontario to New Jersey, Tennessee and Texas. Spring. 



14. SIEVERSIA R. Br. 



Low perennial caulescent herbs, but the stems often scape-like. Leaves mainly basal : 

 blades odd-pinnate. Flowers solitary, or few in cymes. Hypanthium hemispheric or ob- 

 conic. Sepals 5, generally accompanied by 5 bractlets. Corolla yellow or purplish. 

 Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous on a hemispheric receptacle. Style 

 terminal, not jointed, pubescent or plumose, generally elongating at maturity, persistent. 

 Seed basal, erect. 



1. Siervesia radiata (Michx.) Greene. Foliage hirsute. Stems erect, 1-6 dm. tall, 

 simple below, corymbosely branched above, often tufted : leaves of two kinds, the basal with 

 lyrate-pinnate blades, and long petioles, the terminal division suborbicular to reniform, 

 4-15 cm. broad, unequally toothed, obscurely 5-7-lobed, and crisped, cordate ; lateral 

 leaflets small or wanting ; stem-leaves with sessile orbicular or cuneate, many-cleft or 

 incised blades 2-6 cm. long : hypanthium broadly turbinate, 7-9 mm. broad : sepals tri- 

 angular or lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the hypanthium : bractlets linear or nearly 

 so: corolla 3-4 cm. broad: petals deep yellow, broadly and deeply obcordate: styles straight: 

 achene-body 3-4 mm. long, pubescent. [Geum radiatum Michx.] 



In rocky soil, on the summits of high mountains, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer 



15. TJLMARIA Hill. 



Perennial herbs, with erect stems. Leaves alternate : blades pinnate, petioled : leaflets 

 variously toothed or lobed. Flowers perfect, white, pink or purple, in terminal corymbose 

 cymes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, clawed. Stamens numerous, inserted on the concave or flat 

 disk: filaments club-shaped. Pistils 5-15, often 10, distinct: style short. Ovules 2 in 

 each cavity, pendulous. Fruit capsular, indehiscent. Seed usually solitary, pendulous. 



1. Ulmaria rubra Hill. Foliage deep green. Stems 5-24 dm. tall, usually branched : 

 leaf-blades pinnate, petioled, the lower ones 3-9 dm. long, the upper successively shorter ; 

 stipules leaf-like, serrate : leaflets glabrous above, pubescent beneath, the lateral ones oppo- 

 site, the blades palmately 3-5-lobed, the terminal one larger, 7-9-lobed, its segments sharply 

 serrate : corymbs compound, 1-sided : hypanthium glabrous : sepals almost half-orbicular, 

 reflexed : petals suborbicular, pink to purple, 2-3 mm. in diameter : follicles 6-7 mm. 

 high, club-shaped, curved below. [Spiraea lobata Gronov.] 



In swamps and low grounds, Pennsylvania to Michigan and Iowa, Georgia and Kentucky. Spring 

 and summer. QUEEN OF THE PRAIRIE. 



