OXALIDACEAE 665 



mm. long, wider : scapes 1-3, erect or ascending, 5-15 cm. high, simple : flower solitary, 

 overtopping the leaves : sepals oblong to lanceolate, ciliate, obtusish, purple-tipped : petals 

 white or pink, delicately marked with deep pink, 1-1.5 mm. long, 3-4 times longer than 

 the sepals : capsules ovoid-globose, 2-4 mm. long, acutish : seeds 1-2 in each cavity, ob- 

 ovoid, longitudinally 5-grooved on each face, minutely pitted. 



In cold damp woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba and southward on the mountains to North Carolina 

 and Tennessee. Spring and summer. Also in Europe and Asia. 



2. IONOXALIS Small. 



Perennial acaulescent herbs, with scaly bulbs. Leaves basal, few or many together : 

 petioles dilated at the base : blades palmately 3-10-foliolate ; leaflets notched at the apex, 

 with short or elongated lobes, usually with orange tubercles in each sinus, commonly 

 drooping. Scapes erect, solitary or clustered, usually topped by umbel-like cymes. 

 Flowers perfect, heterogonous. Sepals 5, with tubercles at the apex. Petals 5, rose- 

 purple, rose-violet or white, much longer than the sepals, commonly rounded rft the apex. 

 Stamens 10 : filaments usually pubescent, united at the base. Capsule sometimes elon- 

 gated, 5-celled. Seeds wrinkled, grooved or tubercled. VIOLET WOOD-SORREL. 



Leaflets with obcordate or obreniform blades : sepals with 2 distinct or confluent apical tubercles. 



Capsules globose-ovoid : tubercles more or less confluent. 1. / violacea. 



Capsules oblong-ovoid : tubercles distinct. 2. /. Martiana. 



Leaflets with V-shaped or Y-shaped blades : sepals with 4-6 more or less confluent 



tubercles. 3. /. vespertilionis. 



1. lonoxalis violacea (L. ) Small. Bulb coated with brown ciliate scales, rarely 

 producing a tap-root : leaves 4-8 or more : leaflets 3, the blades obcordate or obreniform, 

 6-16 mm. long, wider, sometimes pubescent on the midrib beneath : scapes erect, solitary 

 or several together, 0.5-3 dm. tall, surpassing the leaves, sometimes twice as high, each 

 topped by a 3-15-flowered cyme : pedicels rarely pubescent, recurved before and after 

 flowering : flowers heterogonous : sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, 4-6 mm. long, obtuse, 

 with 2 confluent tubercles at the apex : petals rose-purple, lighter toward the base, or 

 white, 14-20 mm. long, thrice as long as the sepals, obtuse or truncate at the apex : cap- 

 sules globose-ovoid, 45 mm. long, slightly surpassing the sepals : seeds ovoid, 1.5 mm. 

 long, flattened, rugose-tuberculate. [ Oxalis violacea L. ] 



In woods and on open slopes, New England to Minnesota and the Rocky Mountains, Florida and 

 New Mexico. Spring and summer. 



2. lonoxalis Martiana (Zucc. ) Small. Bulb scaly. Foliage deep green: leaves 

 erect or ascending : leaflets 3, the blades thin, obcordate to obreniform, with a deep, narrow 

 sinus and a marginal row of small orange tubercles, sessile, often drooping : scapes erect, 

 usually surpassing the leaves, villous, the cymes several-flowered : pedicels glabrous or 

 nearly so : sepals oblong or narrowly oblong, 5-6 mm. long, ciliate, each with 2 distinct 

 apical tubercles : petals rose-purple, often pale, 12-15 mm. long: filaments ciliate: cap- 

 sules oblong-ovoid. [Oxalis Martiana Zucc.J 



In waste places, in the Gulf States, introduced from tropical America. Throughout the year. 



3. lonoxalis vespertilionis (T. & G. ) Small. Bulbs scaly. Foliage glabrous or 

 nearly so : leaves basal : leaflets 3, the blades commonly broadly V-shaped, 6-10 mm. 

 long, much broader, the lobes usually narrow : scapes erect, several together, commonly 

 twice as long as the petioles, the cymes few-flowered: pedicels slender, elongating at 

 maturity : flowers heterogonous : sepals narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. 

 long, with usually 4-6 apical tubercles : petals violet, oblanceolate or spatulate, 1.5-2 cm. 

 long, rounded at the apex : filaments ciliate : capsules oblong-ovoid, 8-10 mm. long, some- 

 what pubescent : seeds ovoid-globose, 1 mm. long, wrinkled. [Oxahs vespertilionis T. & G.] 



On prairies, Texas to Arizona. Summer and fall. 



3. MONOXALIS Small. 



Perennial caulescent herbs, with woody branched rootstocks and pubescent foliage. 

 Leaves alternate : petioles little elongated, with free bristle-like stipules at the base : blades 

 1-foliolate : leaflets thickish, barely stalked. Peduncles axillary, with 2 bristle-like bracts 

 at the base of the single pedicel, and shorter than the peduncle. Flowers perfect, soli- 

 tary. Sepals 5, auricled at the base. Corolla yellow. Petals 5, rather narrow, surpassing 

 the sepals, narrowed into claws below the middle. Stamens 10 : filaments glabrous. 

 Capsule little longer than thick, 5-celled. Seeds about 3 in cavity, tubercled. 



