EUPHORBIACEAE 719 



2. Tithymalus sphaerospe'rmus (Shuttlw. ) Small. Perennial, glabrous. Stem 

 erect, 2-6 dm. tall, topped by a 2-3-rayed umbel and often branched below : leaves alter- 

 nate ; blades linear, 3-9 cm. long, acute, entire, sessile : rays 3-5 cm. long, forking : bracts 

 of the rays linear-lanceolate to ovate, variable in length, acute or slightly acuminate : 

 involucres campanulate, 3. 5-4 mm. high, shorter than the peduncles: glands fan-shaped, 

 1-2 mm. broad, thickened and crumpled on the edge : capsules 3-lobed, 8-11 mm. broad, 

 about as high, the lobes obtuse : seeds subglobose, 4 mm. in diameter or smaller, smooth. 

 [Euphorbia sphaerosperma Shuttlw. J 



In pine lands, Florida to Alabama. Summer. 



3. Tithymalus inundatus (Torr.) Small. Perennial, glabrous. Stem erect, 1-5 

 dm. tall, topped by a 2^3-rayed umbel, and simple or alternately branched below it : 

 leaves alternate ; blades linear or oblong-linear, sometimes broadest* above the middle, 3- 

 10 cm. long, acute, sessile : bracts of the rays ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute : involucres 

 campanulate or turbinate-campanulate, 2-4 mm. high, shorter than the peduncles : glands 

 thick, reniform, 1.5 mm. broad, outer margin thick and undulate: capsules about 5 mm. 

 high, much broader, smooth, the angles sharp : seeds subglobose or ovoid-globose, 3-3.5 

 mm. in diameter, smooth. [Euphorbia inundata Torr.] 



In pine-land swamps, Florida. Spring. 



4. Tithymalus telephloides ( Chapm. ) Small. Perennial, somewhat fleshy, the foliage 

 glabrous, light green. Stem erect, 0.5-2.5 dm. tall, topped by a 2-4-rayed 'umbel, com- 

 monly branched below : leaves alternate ; blades broadly spatulate to oblong-obovate or 

 obovate, 2-5 cm. long, acutish or apiculate, thin-margined, approximate or rarely remote : 

 rays forking, barely if at all surpassing the subtending bracts : bracts of the rays ovate to 

 deltoid, entire, acute: involucres broadly campanulate, 1.5-2 mm. high, purple, shorter 

 than the peduncles: glands peltate, rather reniform, somewhat cup-shaped, 1-1.5 mm. 

 broad, undulate : capsules 3-lobed, 7-8 mm. broad, granular, the lobes rounded : seeds sub- 

 globose, 3 mm. in diameter, smooth. [Euphorbia telephioides Chapm.] 



In low pine lands, Florida. Spring. 



5. Tithymalus Darlington!! (A. Gray) Small. Perennial, dark green, often 

 minutely pubescent, the rootstock 1-2 cm. thick, scarred. Stem rather stout, erect, 3-15 dm. 

 tall, fleshy, topped by a 5-8-rayed umbel, branched above, the branches simple or forked : 

 leaves alternate ; blades oblong or oblanceolate, or lanceolate above, 3.5-10 cm. long, mostly 

 obtuse at the apex, sessile, often undulate, more or less pubescent beneath : bracts of the 

 rays opposite, ovate, or nearly reniform : involucres campanulate, nearly 4 mm. long, 

 bearing 5 reniform undulate, unappendaged glands : capsules depressed-globose, 6-8 mm. 

 high, minutely warty : seeds ovoid-globose, 3-4 mm. long, smooth or nearly so. [Euphorbia 

 Darlingtonii A . Gray. ] 



In woods or thickets, New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey to North Carolina. Spring to fall- 



6. Tithymalus He"lleri (Millsp. ) Small. Annual, or biennial, glabrous. Stem 

 branched at the base, the branches 1.5-2.5 dm. tall, sometimes branched below the 3-rayed 

 umbel : leaves scattered ; blades spatulate, 6-15 mm. long, obtuse or retuse, the lower ones 

 short-petioled : rays 3-5 cm. long, dichotomous, with long internodes : bracts of the rays 

 oblong, sessile or nearly so, slightly unequal, orbicular-ovate, somewhat fiddle-shaped, 

 mucronate at the apex, broadly cuneate or truncate at the base : involucres not crowded, 

 turbinate-campanulate, about i mm. high : glands elliptic, about twice as broad as long, 

 with horns as long as the body of the gland : capsules depressed-globose, 3 mm. broad : 

 seeds ovoid, white, 1.6 mm. long, with a 2-lobed caruncle. [Euphorbia Helleri Millsp.] 



In sandy soil, southern Texas. Spring and summer. 



7. Tithymalus longicuris (Scheele) Small. Annual, glabrous. Stem erect, 1-3 

 dm. tall, simple or branched at the base, often topped by a 3-5-rayed umbel : leaves alter- 

 nate ; blades spatulate to obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, obtuse, entire or nearly so, narrowed to 

 slender bases : bracts somewhat reniform, 9-13 mm. broad, very inequilateral, entire : 

 involucres turbinate-campanulate, fully 1 mm. high, glabrous : glands barely 1 mm. broad, 

 prolonged into 2 slender subulate horns : capsules 2.5-3 mm. broad, barely as high, the lobes 

 rounded : seeds oblong, fully 1.5 mm. long, whitish, copiously pitted, the breadth of the 

 pits less than the space between them. [Euphorbia longicuris Scheele.] 



In dry soil, Arkansas and the Indian Territory to Texas. Summer. 



8. Tithymalus commutatus (Engelm. ) Kl. & Garcke. Annual or biennial, or per- 

 ennial by creeping stems, yellowish green, often tinged with red, glabrous. Stem slender, 

 usually decumbent at the base, 1-4 dm. long, branched, topped by a 3-rayed umbel : rays 

 forked or umbellately branched : leaves alternate ; blades spatulate to ovate, 1-3.5 cm. 

 long, obtuse or mucronulate, entire, flat, narrowed into a slender petiole : bracts subtend- 

 ing the umbel : bracts of the rays opposite, ovate-reniform : involucres campanulate, 2.5 



