MALVACEAE 763 



at the apex or on the back, tardily separating. Seeds 1-6 in each carpel, nearly reniform. 

 INDIAN MALLOW. 



Carpels 11-30. 



Annual species. 1. A. Abutilon. 



Perennial species. 



Peduncles, or most of them, shorter than the petioles : petals yellow above the 



purple base. 2. A. hirtum. 



Peduncles, or most of them, longer than the petioles : petals rose-colored. 3. A. pedunculare. 



Carpels 5-10. 



Carpels over 10 mm. high. 



Leaf-blades velvety white-tomentose beneath. 



Calyx-lobes shorter than the carpels. 4. A. permoUe. 



Calyx-lobes surpassing the carpels. 5. A. Wrightii. 



Leaf-blades gray-canescent beneath. 6. A. Berlandieri. 



Carpels less than 10 mm. high. 



Corolla yellow : carpels -9 mm. high. 7. A. incanum. 



Corolla red or pink : carpels 4-7 mm. high. 



Leaf-blades dentate, about as broad as long. 8. A. parvnhim. 



Leaf-blades serrate, much longer than broad. 9 A. Texense. 



1. Abutilon Abutilon (L. ) Kusby. Annual, velvety-pubescent. Stems erect, 

 3-18 dm. tall, simple or widely branching, the branches ascending : leaf -blades suborbicular 

 in outline varying to ovate or reniform-orbicular, 1-3 dm. in diameter, abruptly acuminate, 

 dentate or crenate, cordate ; petioles commonly as long as the blades or longer : peduncles 

 much shorter than the petioles : calyx slightly accrescent ; lobes ovate to orbicular-ovate, 

 abruptly pointed, acute: petals yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long, obovate or cuneate-obovate, truncate 

 or retuse at the apex : fruit 2-2.5 cm. broad: carpels 1.5-^2 cm. long, villous, subulate- 

 tipped : seeds granular, glabrous. [A. Avicennae Gaertn.] 



In waste places, Maine to South Dakota, Florida and Texas. Also on the Pacific slope. Natural- 

 ized from Asia. Summer and fall. VELVET LEAF. 



2. Abutilon hirtum Sweet. Perennial and often shrubby, velvety canescent and 

 more or less villous-hirsute with clammy hairs. Stems erect, more or less widely branched, 

 1-3.5 dm. tall : leaf-blades ovate to suborbicular, 2-15 cm. long, unequally crenate, and some- 

 times slightly lobed, cordate ; petioles about as long as the blades or shorter : peduncles as 

 long as the petioles or shorter : calyx slightly accrescent ; lobes ovate, acute or acuminate : 

 petals yellow, mostly with a purple base, 1.5-2 cm. long: carpels 15-30, somewhat surpassing 

 the calyx, 8-10 mm. high, barely mucronate. 



In sand, coast of peninsular Florida and the Keys. Also in the West and East Indies. 



3. Abutilon pedunculare H.B.K. Perennial, light green. Stems erect, 1-4 m. 

 tall, branching, hirsute to the peduncles : leaf -blades ovate to suborbicular, velvety tomen- 

 tose, pale beneath, obtuse, shallowly and unequally crenate, deeply cordate : peduncles 

 axillary, shorter than the subtending leaves or longer : calyx somewhat accrescent ; lobes 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, longer than the tube : petals salmon-colored, 

 orbicular-obovate, 2-2.5 cm. long : carpels hispid, 15-17 mm. high, surpassing the calyx, 

 their beaks spreading. 



In sandy soil, peninsular Florida and the Keys. Also in the West Indies and South America. 



4. Abutilon permdlle (Willd. ) Sweet. Perennial, more or less densely velvety 

 tomentose. Stems erect, 5-16 dm. tall, branched : leaf-blades ovate, 2.5-10 cm. long, 

 acuminate, greener above than beneath, finely crenate : petioles as long as the blades or 

 shorter : inflorescence paniculate : calyx hardly accrescent ; lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, longer than the tube : petals yellow, cuneate or obovate, 1-1.5 cm. long: carpels 

 7-10, nearly 1 cm. long, slender-beaked, surpassing the calyx : seeds minutely and sparsely 

 warty. 



In sandy soil, peninsular Florida and the Keys. Also in the West Indies. 



5. Abutilon Wrightii A. Gray. Perennial, velvety pubescent. Stems much branched 

 at the base ; branches ascending or decumbent, 1-4 dm. long, usually branched, more or 

 less hirsute : leaf -blades broadly ovate to orbicular-ovate, 1.5-5 cm. in diameter, obtuse or 

 acute, crenate or dentate, cordate : petioles as long as the blades or shorter : peduncles 

 shorter than the subtending petioles or longer : calyx accrescent ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, 10-15 mm. long : petals yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long, very broad: carpels 7-8, softly 

 pubescent, shorter than the calyx-lobes, subulate-tipped : seeds granular, glabrous. 



On dry prairies, Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Spring to fall. 



6. Abutilon Berlandieri A. Gray. Perennial, velvety pubescent. Stems erect, 1-2 

 m. tall, branching, the branches ascending : leaf-blades ovate, or triangular-ovate, 3-7 cm. 

 long, barely acuminate, obtuse, slightly paler beneath than above, irregularly crenate-den- 

 tate, prominently nerved beneath, cordate ; petioles about as long as the blades : pe- 

 duncles about as long as the subtending petioles : calyx somewhat accrescent ; lobes ovate, 

 acuminate, becoming 1 cm. long : petals yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long, rounded or nearly trim- 



