802 VIOLACEAE 



8. Viola villosa Walt. Plant low in habit, with a short rootstock : leaves more or 

 less appressed to the ground ; blades reniform or orbicular with a narrow sinus, crenate, 

 obtuse, 2.5-6 cm. wide, dark green, often purple-veined above, hirsute with silvery 

 pubescence, particularly above : scapes exceeding the leaves : corolla reddish purple, 10- 

 16 mm. wide : sepals obtuse, lanceolate : capsules oblong, 6-8 mm. long : cleistogenes on 

 short horizontal peduncles. 



In dry but rich woods and on hillsides, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Georgia and Alabama. 

 Spring. 



9. Viola Carolina Greene. Plant low, depressed, from a stout rootstock : leaves of 

 thick texture, the blades and petioles of nearly equal length, the former cordate ovate, 

 very obtuse, with rounded basal lobes and a narrow sinus, the surface minutely hirsutulous, 

 the margins crenulate ; petioles usually densely villous : scapes scarcely exceeding the 

 leaves : sepals ovate-oblong : corolla blue, 1-2 cm. broad, the petals obovate-oblong ; 

 spur large and broadly saccate : capsules oblong. 



In dry ground, North Carolina to Mississippi. Spring. 



10. Viola Langloisii Greene. Plant low, 4-16 cm. high, spreading, from a short erect 

 rootstock : leaves of firm texture, glabrous ; blades from reniform-cordate to deltoid-trian- 

 gular, acute, crenate-dentate, 2-4 cm. long, somewhat shorter than the petioles : scapes 

 exceeding the leaves : corolla large, light blue, with a blunt spur : sepals narrowly lan- 

 ceolate. 



In moist woods, Mississippi to Texas. Spring. 



11. Viola Alabame'nsis Pollard. Plant low, from a slender, nearly vertical root- 

 stock : leaves small, sparsely hirsute ; blades 1.5-2 cm. long, suborbicular, cordate at base, 

 the slender petiole often twice as long : scape much exceeding the leaves : corolla purple, 

 2.5 cm. broad : petals oblong, the margins obscurely erose or fimbriate : sepals small, 

 ovate-lanceolate : cleistogenes not observed. 



In dry open copses, Cullman and Sucksville, Alabama. Spring. 



12. Viola affinis Le Conte. Plant slender and usually solitary, 1-2.5 dm. high, 

 from a short ascending rootstock : leaves dark green, glabrous or somewhat pubescent ; 

 blades long-petioled, cordate-ovate, usually attenuate at apex, with a deep sinus at base, 

 the margins crenate-dentate, 2.5-7 cm. broad, usually spreading at a right angle from the 

 petiole : scapes about as long as the leaves : corolla pale blue : capsules oblong-oval : cleis- 

 togenes on filiform deflexed peduncles. [F. obliqua Hill.] 



In rich shady woods, New York to Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 



13. Viola papilionacea Pursh. Plant stout, with bright green glabrous foliage, 

 from a branching caudex : blades of the leaves 5-13 cm. long, from ovate to reniform, 

 mostly cucullate, cordate at base, the margins crenate : scapes at flowering time exceed- 

 ing the leaves : corolla 1.5-2.5 cm. broad, deep violet purple, the two upper petals re- 

 flexed, the keel petal smaller than the others : sepals lanceolate : capsules oblong. 



In meadows and woodlands, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia andJAlabama. Spring. 



14. Viola MiasourignBis Greene. Habit of the next preceding species : blades of 

 the earlier leaves obtuse, subcordate ; those of the later from deltoid to hastate-triangular, 

 glabrous, 4-7 cm. long, the margins remotely eremite-serrate : scapes not surpassing the 

 leaves : sepals oblong- lanceolate, ciliolate : corolla from pale violet to nearly white, the 

 petals obovate and obtuse : cleistogenes short-pedunculate, frequently hypogaeous. 



In woods, Missouri to Arkansas and Texas. Spring. 



15. Viola fimbriatula J. E. Smith. Plant tufted, densely villous : leaf -blades ex- 

 ceeding the petioles, from ovate-lanceolate and ovate-hastate to oblong, obscurely crenate 

 on the margin, the base truncate or subcordate, occasionally incised or even auriculate : 

 scapes exceeding the leaves : corolla blue, 8-14 mm. broad, the petals oblong : capsules 

 oval : cleistogenes borne on erect peduncles. [ V. ovata Nutt.] 



In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Missouri, Georgia and Louisiana. Spring. 



16. Viola sagittata Ait. Plant strict, from a stout erect rootstock : leaves glabrous 

 or with very slight traces of pubescence ; blades sagittate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute, crenate-dentate toward the apex, the base subcordate or truncate with 

 laciniately toothed or incised auricles : scapes shorter than the leaves : corolla dark purple, 

 the petals entire : capsules prismatic : cleistogenes on erect peduncles. 



In wet meadows and marshes, Maine to Michigan, Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 



17. Viola amorphopliylla Pollard. Plant spreading in habit, from a stout vertical 

 rootstock, glabrous throughout, and succulent : blades of the leaves elliptical or oblong- 

 elliptical, the margins entire or obscurely crenate near the obtuse apex, the base rounded 

 or slightly tapering, rarely with small auricles or incisions ; petioles mostly shorter than 



