VIOLACEAE 803 



the blades : scapes surpassing the leaves : corolla purple, 2.5 cm. broad : sepals ovate- 

 lanceolate : petals oblong, the short spur blunt : cleistogenes borne on erect peduncles. 



On mountain slopes, Tryon, North Carolina. Spring. 



18. Viola emarginata (Nutt. ) Le Conte. Plants usually solitary or sometimes 

 clustered, from an ascending rootstock : leaves glabrous ; blades on elongated petioles, 

 from deltoid-triangular to broadly ovate, dentate below the middle, or occasionally deeply 

 cleft or lobed, subcordate at base, the margin slightly decurrent : scapes not surpassing 

 the leaves occasionally branched : corolla bright blue, with oblong distinctly emarginate 

 petals : capsules somewhat angled : peduncles of the cleistogenes erect. 



In dry soil, New York to Stone Mountain, Georgia. Spring. 



19. Viola odorata L. Stoloniferous, the stolons rooting freely at the nodes : leaves 

 from pubescent to glabrate ; blades broadly ovate or suborbicular, cordate, obtuse, crenate 

 on the margins : scapes equalling the leaves : flowers fragrant : corolla 1-2 cm. broad, 

 blue : sepals oblong, obtuse : petals beardless : cleistogenes borne on short decumbent 

 peduncles. [ V. Thompsonae Chapm. ] 



Locally escaped from gardens in the Atlantic and Pacific States ; established at Smithville, Georgia 

 Spring. 



20. Viola rotundifolia Michx. Apparently acaulescent at flowering time, but pro- 

 ducing stolons in late summer : leaves glabrate, somewhat pubescent along the petioles ; 

 blades yellowish green, paler beneath, from ovate to orbicular, cordate, crenate, at first 

 1-5 cm. broad, later 10-13 cm. broad and closely appressed to the ground : corolla yellow, 

 8-12 mm. broad : sepals obtuse, narrowly oblong, the lateral petals bearded and marked 

 with brown veins : capsules ovoid : cleistogenes on short deflexed peduncles. 



In woods, Labrador to Minnesota, and to the mountains of North Carolina and.Tennessee. Spring 



21. Viola blanda Willd. Plant glabrate, stoloniferous, from a very slender root- 

 stock : leaves light green ; blades thin, from orbicular to subreniform, cordate, with a 

 shallow basal sinus, obtuse at apex, the margins crenate : flower fragrant : corolla white, 

 6-12 mm. broad, the petals beardless, mostly marked with purple veins : sepals lanceo- 

 late, acute : capsules small, oval : cleistogenes few. 



In swamp and meadows, New Foundland to British Columbia and southward to the higher 

 mountains of North and South Carolina and Tennessee. April-May. 



22. Viola LeConteana G. Don. Plant abundantly stoloniferous : leaves sparsely 

 pubescent or glabrate, the petioles more or less distinctly flecked with red ; blades bright 

 green above, paler beneath, ovate or suborbicular, obtuse, the basal sinus deep and nar- 

 row : scapes not surpassing the leaves : flowers scarcely fragrant : corolla white, 1-2 cm. 

 broad, the petals very narrow, the two uppermost occasionally contorted : capsules larger 

 than those of V. blanda. \_V. blanda var.nmoena (Le Conte) B.S.P. V. alsophila Greene.] 



In moist woods, in upland regions, New England to Illinois, Georgia and Alabama. Spring. 



23. Viola piimulaefolia L. Plant glabrous or rarely somewhat pubescent stolonif- 

 erous in late summer : leaf-blades oval or ovate-oblong, truncate or subcordate at base, the 

 latter somewhat decurrent, the margins entire or crenulate : sepals lanceolate, acuminate : 

 corolla white, 8-12 mm. wide, the petals veined with purple, and almost beardless : cap- 

 sules oval, 6-10 mm. long, those from the cleistogenes cernuous on short erect peduncles. 



In moist ground, New Brunswick to Florida and Texas. Spring. V. primulaefolia austrdlis Pollard, 

 has much larger and thicker leaf-blades, reddish petioles and larger flowers, with the corolla 1-1.5 cm. 

 broad ; more common than the type throughout its southern range. 



24. Viola denticulosa Pollard. Plant 1-2 dm. high at flowering time, 3-4 dm. high 

 in late summer, producing filiform stolons often fully this length : leaf blades of thin 

 texture, lanceolate, equalling or surpassing the petiole, acute at apex and strongly decur- 

 rent, the margin denticulate or subentire, the upper surface sparsely hirsute : scapes not 

 surpassing the leaves : corolla white, 2 cm. broad, the keel petal alone dark purple-veined : 

 sepals lanceolate, scarious margined : cleistogenes erect. 



In wet woods near Douglas, Georgia. Spring. 



25. Viola lanceolata L. Plant glabrous, abundantly stoloniferous : leaf-blades 

 lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, decurrent upon the petiole, 5-12 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, 

 the margins obscurely crenulate ; petioles longer than the blades : scapes not surpassing 

 the leaves : sepals lanceolate, acuminate : corolla white, 8-10 mm. broad, the petals 

 beardless, the lower three marked with purple veins : capsules oval, 6-10 mm. long : 

 cleistogenes erect, frequently borne on the stolons. 



In wet meadows and on banks of streams, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Florida and Texas. Spring. 



26. Viola vittata Greene. Plant sparingly stoloniferous, glabrous : leaf-blades 

 linear, 4-10 cm. long, the apex obtuse, mucronate, the margins obscurely crenate ; petioles 



