804 VIOL ACE AE 



one-third as long as the blades : scapes shorter than the leaves, with long filiform scales : 

 corolla white, the petals small and narrow, thickly beset with brown veins. 

 In moist pine lands, Florida to Texas. Spring. 



27. Viola hastata Michx. Stem simple, erect, glabrous, 1-3 dm. high, from a short 

 horizontal and succulent tuberous rootstock : cauline leavesshort-petioled, borne near the 

 summit of the stem, the blades hastate or ovate-hastate, 2-10 cm. long, denticulate or 

 repand, acute ; basal leaves when present larger, cordate : corolla yellow, 8-16 mm. wide, 

 the spur short : lateral petals bearded : sepals acute, linear-lanceolate : capsules 8-10 mm. 

 long. 



In woods in upland regions, Pennsylvania and Ohio to Florida and Alabama. Spring and summer. 



28. Viola tripaitita Ell. Stem stout, erect, tall, 2-4 dm. high, from a thick hori- 

 zontal rootstock with numerous fibrous roots : leaves 3-5, borne near the summit of the 

 stem : blades various, an occasional one rhombic-ovate, entire, the majority deeply 3-5- 

 lobed or digitately 3-5-divided, the segments pubescent or glabrate, oblong-lanceolate, 

 tapering to base, obtuse at apex, the margins remotely denticulate ; stipules in pairs, scarious, 

 ovate, persistent : peduncles exceeding the leaves at flowering time: corolla yellow, 1.5-2 

 cm. broad, faintly veined : sepals linear, acuminate : capsules prismatic, glabrous, often 

 bracteate. 



In rich woods, North Carolina and Tennessee to Georgia, Florida and Alabama. Spring and early 

 summer. V. tripartite, glab&rrima (Ging.) Harper is similar to the type, but with the leaf-blades merely 

 toothed, darker green and glabrous : corolla more conspicuously marked with brown veins ; it occurs 

 with the type. 



29. Viola tenuipes Pollard. Stem simple, erect, low, 8-15 cm. high, from a root- 

 stock similar to that of V. tripartHa : leaves 3-5, borne at the summit of the stem ; blades 

 glabrate, ovate-lanceolate or hastate-lanceolate, with truncate base and acute apex, the 

 margins repand-denticulate, finely ciliate ; stipules ovate, membranaceous ; petiole much 

 shorter than the blade : flowers on filiform peduncles greatly exceeding the leaves : corolla 

 yellow, 1.5 cm. broad : petals narrow, beardless, and quite free from markings : sepals 

 irregular, from linear to linear-ovate : capsules ovoid. [ V. hastata var. gJabcrrima Chapm.] 



In dry soil. Georgia to northern Florida and Alabama. Spring. 



30. Viola pub6scens Ait. Stem simple, erect, usually villous-pubescent, bearing 

 the cauline leaves near the summit : basal leaves with long petioles, usually absent at 

 lowering time ; blades of the cauline leaves ovate-reniform, 5-12 cm. broad, acute or 

 abruptly attenuate, pubescent, the margins crenate- dentate : petioles shorter than the 

 blades : sepals oblong-lanceolate : corolla bright yellow, 12-16 mm. broad, the petals very 

 faintly marked with purple veins : capsule oblong, glabrous or white-tomentose, 10-16 

 mm. long. 



In woods, Quebec to South Dakota southward, especially in the mountains, to South Carolina and 

 Tennessee. Spring. 



31. Viola Bcabriuscula (T. & G. ) Schwein. Stems several, clustered, ascending or 

 somewhat decumbent, glabrous : basal leaves more or less persistent, the blades broadly 

 ovate, long-petioled : cauline leaves with blades from cordate-ovate to reniform, acute, 

 glabrous, 2.5-6 cm. broad, the margins crenate : sepals linear-lanceolate : corolla pale 

 yellow, 10-16 mm. broad, the petals conspicuously purple-veined : capsule oval, glabrous 

 or white-tomentose, 6-10 mm. long. 



In woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba and southward, especially along the mountains, to South Caro- 

 lina and Tennessee. Spring. 



32. Viola Canade~nsis L. Stems clustered, leafy, ascending, 0.7-4 dm. high : leaves 

 short-petioled, glabrous, the blades cordate-ovate, acute or acuminate, 2.5-6 cm. long, the 

 margins serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire : corolla white or pale violet, 1-2 cm. 

 broad : lateral petals purple-veined, bearded : sepals linear, acuminate : capsule oval, 

 glabrous, 6-8 mm. long. 



In woods, Newfoundland to Saskatchewan, North Carolina and Nebraska. Spring and summer. 



33. Viola stiiata Ait. Stems clustered, glabrous, leafy, usually decumbent, becom- 

 ing fully 6 dm. long in late summer : leaves with slender petioles, the blades ovate or 

 suborbicular, 2.5-6 cm. broad, somewhat pubescent, the later ones acute ; stipules large, 

 ovate, dentate or laciniate : flowers long-peduncled : corolla white or cream-colored, 

 occasionally bluish, 1-2 cm. broad : petals marked with darker veins, the lateral ones 

 bearded : capsule ovoid, glabrous. 



In rich or dry woods, Ontario to Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. Spring. 



34. Viola multicaulis (T. & G.) Britton. Stems slender, clustered, prostrate or 

 decumbent, 5-20 cm. long : leaves numerous, slender-petioled ; blades finely puberulent, 

 orbicular, cordate at base with a narrow sinus, often mottled or dark-veined, 2.5-4 cm. 



