VERBENACEAE 1007 



mens 5, included : anthers cohering by the minutely bearded tips. Ovary 4-celled : style 

 elongated, slender : cone of the stigma panicellate-setose. Ovules as in Heliotropium. 

 Fruit didymous, the two lobes separating into 2 hemispherical 1-seeded nutlets. 



1. Euploca convolvulacea Nutt. Annual, pale strigose-hirsute. Stem much 

 branched : leaf-blades oblong, sometimes narrowly so, lanceolate or ovate, acute, entire, 

 narrowed into short petioles : flowers short-pedicelled : calyx-lobes strigose, each with a 

 broad base and a subulate tip : corolla white ; tube strigose-hirsute ; limb angulate-lobed, 

 1.5-2 cm. wide : fruit 3.5-4 mm. broad, much shorter than the calyx. 



On sandy plains, Nebraska to California, Arkansas and Mexico. Spring to fall. 



4. COCHRANEA Miers. 



Perennial, more or less shrubby plants, with branching stems. Leaves alternate : 

 blades relatively narrow, undulate or slightly toothed. Flowers in scorpioid, cymosely 

 disposed spikes. Calyx-lobes 5, narrow. Corolla colored : tube cylindric : lobes short. 

 Stamens 5, included. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit dry or nearly so, with 2 usually two-celled 

 and 2-seeded nutlets. 



1. Cochranea anchusaefolia (Poir. ) Giirke. Perennial, hirsute. Stems often 

 diffusely branched at the base ; branches ascending or spreading, 1-4 dm. long : leaf -blades 

 linear-oblong, oblong or oblanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, acute or obtuse, repand : cymes of 

 several spikes, compact or elongating in age : calyx sessile ; lobes linear or linear-lanceo- 

 late, 3 mm. long : corolla violet-blue ; tube surpassing the calyx ; limb 4-6 mm. broad : 

 fruit 2.5-3 mm. broad, surpassed by the calyx-lobes. 



In waste places, Georgia and Florida to Mississippi. Spring to fall. Also in tropical and South 

 America. 



FAMILY 10. VERBENACEAE J. St. Hil. VERVAIN FAMILY. 



Annual or perennial herbs, or sometimes shrubs or trees. Stems commonly 

 4-angled. Leaves usually alternate, sometimes clustered on short spurs, rarely 

 opposite or whorled : blades simple, or rarely compound. Flowers perfect, more 

 or less irregular. Calyx of 4-5 partially united sepals, persistent, usually sub- 

 tended by bractlets. Corolla of 4-5 partially united petals, sometimes 2-lipped, 

 hypogynous. Androecium of 2 or 4 didynamous stamens. Filaments some- 

 times appendaged, adnate to the tube of the corolla, sometimes up to the throat. 

 Anthers erect or incumbent. Gynoecium 2 or 4-carpellary. Styles united, ter- 

 minal. Stigma entire or 2 or 4-lobed. Ovules solitary or 2 in each cavity, anat- 

 ropous, erect or ascending. Fruit various, drupe-like, berry-like or dry and 

 then separating into 2 or 4 nutlets. Seeds commonly solitary. Endosperm scant, 

 slightly fleshy, or wanting. Embryo straight. 



Ovules solitary in each cavity. 



Inflorescence centripetal : ovules erect. 



Flowers in heads, spikes or spike-like racemes. 

 Fruit of 2 or 4 nutlets, dry. 



Stamens 4 : fruit not imbedded in the rachis. 

 Fruit of 4 nutlets. 



Ovary and 4-lobed fruit with no stylopodium at the apex. 1. VERBENA. 



Ovary and fruit surmounted by a large stylopodium. 2. HELLEKANTHUS. 



Fruit of 2 nutlets. 



Calyx not inflated at maturity. 



Herbs with procumbent or creeping stems. 3. PHYLA. 



Shrubs or shrubby plants, with upright stems. 



Flowers in short dense spikes, with persistent bracts: 



calyx 2-lobod. 



Corolla-tube not swollen : bracts several-ranked, con- 

 cave or flat. 4. LIPPIA. 

 Corolla-tube swollen near the middle : bracts 4-ranked, 



carinate-conduplicate. 5. GONIOSTACHYUM. 



Flowers in elongated loose spikes or racemes, with nar- 

 row deciduous bracts : calyx 4-lobed. 6. ALOYSIA. 

 Calyx inflated and inclosing the fruit. 7. PRIVA. 

 Stamens 2 : fruit imbedded in excavations of the thick rachis. 8. ABENA. 

 Fruit drupaceous. 9. LANTANA. 

 Flowers in open racemes. 



Drupes seated in the calyx : nutlets 2 : stigma 2-lobed. 10. CITHAREXYLON. 



Drupes enclosed in the calyx : nutlets 4 : stigma 4-lobed. 11. DURANTA. 



Inflorescence centrifugal, cymose : ovules laterally attached. 



Corolla regular : leaf-blades simple. 12. CALLICARPA. 



Corolla irregular : leaf-blades compound. IS. VITEX. 



Ovules 2 in each cavity, suspended. 14. AVICENNIA. 



