1120 CAPKIFOLIACEAE 



14. Galium triflorum Michx. Perennial, sweet-scented in drying. Stems weak, 

 reclining or procumbent, 3-10 dm. long, sparsely hispid or rarely glabrous, shining : leaves 

 and stipules in 6's, shorter than the internodes, 1-8 cm. long; blades broadly linear to 

 elliptic, 1 -nerved, strongly mncronate, very short-petioled, glabrous except the hispid 

 margins and midrib : flowers few on stout straight pedicels, in 3's on the ultimate branches 

 of the few-flowered axillary and terminal cymes which slightly exceed the leaves : corolla 

 greenish or yellowish white, 2.5 mm. broad ; lobes 4, acuminate : fruit 3 mm. in diameter, 

 densely uncinate-hispid : endosperm with the groove very shallow or almost obsolete, the 

 cross-section nearly circular. 



In shady woods and copses, Nova Scotia to Alaska, Florida, Texas and California. Also in Europe, 

 Japan and the Himalayas. Summer. SWEET-SCENTED BED STRAW. 



FAMILY 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 



Shrubs, vines or trees, or sometimes perennial herbs, usually pervaded by a 

 bitter nauseous principle. Stems usually terete, often enlarged at the nodes. 

 Leaves opposite, mostly destitute of stipules : blades entire or pinnate, sometimes 

 connate-perfoliate. Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Flowers clustered at the 

 nodes. Flowers mostly perfect, regular or irregular, often showy and fragrant. 

 Calyx superior. Sepals 4-5, or rarely fewer. Corolla tubular or infundibuliform 

 or rarely rotate : lobes 4-5, imbricated. Androecium of 4-5 stamens sometimes 

 partially adnate to the corolla tube, alternate with the lobes. Filaments equal 

 or two shorter. Anthers versatile. Gynoecium a single compound pistil. Ovary 

 2-5-celled, inferior. Styles terminal, united, sometimes very short. Ovules 

 pendulous, commonly solitary. Fruit a berry or drupe. Seeds inverted. En- 

 dosperm fleshy. Embryo nearly straight, in the axis of the endosperm near the 

 hilum. 



Corolla rotate to urn-shaped : stigmas 2-5-lobed, gessile. 



Leaf-blades pinnate : drupe berry-like with 3-5 nutlets. 1. SAMBUCUS. 



Leaf-blades simple : drupe with one nutlet. 2. VIBURNUM. 



Corolla tubular to tubular-campanulate, sometimes with a 2-lipped limb : style 



elongated. 



Flowers solitary in the axils : herbs. 3. TRIOSTEUM. 



Flowers in axillary or terminal clusters or open cymes : shrubs or vines. 

 Fruit baccate. 



Corolla regular or nearly so ; tube short, 4. SYMPHORICARPOS. 



Corolla irregular; limb 2-lipped ; tube elongated. 



Flowers In pairs each of which terminates an axillary peduncle, ac- 

 companied by a pair of bracts and bractlets. 

 Bracts foliaceous, resembling the leaves : corolla-tube gibbous at 



the base, upright shrubs. 5. XYLOSTEON. 



Bracts minute, very different from the leaves: corolla-tube not 



gibbous at the base : vines. 6. NINTOOA. 



Flowers in whorls at or near the ends of the branches, the bracts and 



usually some of the upper pairs of leaves connate-perfoliate. 7. LONICERA. 



Fruit capsular. 8. DIERVILLA. 



6. SAMBUCUS L. 



Shrubs or trees, or rarely herbaceous plants, with pithy stems and branches. Leaves 

 opposite : blades pinnately compound : leaflets toothed or cleft, sometimes furnished with 

 stipules. Flowers white, yellow or red, thyrsoid or in umbel-like corymbose-cymes, their 

 pedicels with 1 or 2 scales. Hypanthium turbinate or ovoid. Sepals 3-5, equal. fJorolla 

 rotate, with 3-5 equal imbricated or rarely valvate lobes. Stamens 5, adnate to the 

 base of the corolla : filaments filiform or subulate : anthers opening extrorsely by clefts. 

 Disk wanting or somewhat convex. Ovary 3-5-celled. Ovules solitary in each cavity, 

 pendulous. Drupe with 3-5 cartilaginous 1-seeded stones. Seeds elongated and somewhat 

 flattened. ELDER. 



Cymes fully as long as broad : fruit red or scarlet. 1. S. pubem. 

 Cymes depressed, flat-topped : fruit purple or black. 



Leaf-rachis glabrous or nearly so : leaflets usually with incurved teeth. 2. S. Canadensii. 



Leaf-rachis densely pubescent : leaflets usually with spreading teeth. 3. S. Mexicana. 



1. Sambucus pubens Michx. A widely branching shrub 1-4 m. tall, with sparingly 

 pubescent foliage, at least when young. Leaflets 5-7, the blades lanceolate, oblong or 

 oblanceolate, sometimes nearly oval, 5-15 cm. long, acuminate, sharply serrate, narrowed 

 or subcordate at the oblique base, short-stalked : cymes thirsoid, subglobose to oblong, 



