1128 VALERIANACEAE 



1. VALERIANA L. 



Perennial heavy-scented herbs. Stems occasionally almost wanting, or erect or elon- 

 gated and climbing. Leaf-blades entire, toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers perfect, in close 

 terminal, spicate or panicled cymes. Calyx-limb inrolled but at length spreading, devel- 

 oping 5-15 plumose bristles. Corolla white or pink, funnelform or salverform, 5-lobed : tube 

 more or less gibbous or saccate : lobes spreading. Stamens 3 or rarely fewer. Ovary 1- 

 celled': style filiform, slightly 2-3-cleft at the apex. Achene flattened, 1-nerved on the 

 back, 3-nerved on the front. Seed solitary. Embryo straight. VALERIAN. 



Stems climbing ; upper stem-leaves ternate : corolla 1.5 mm. long. 1. V. scandens. 



Stems erect : upper stem-leaves pinnate : corolla 2 cm. long. 2. V. pauciflora. 



1. Valeriana scandens L. Foliage glabrous. Stems slender, climbing, branched : 

 basal leaves with entire broadly ovate cordate blades : stem-leaves with mostly ternately 

 divided long-petioled blades, the segments ovate, or deltoid-ovate, acute or acuminate, un- 

 dulate or distinctly and shallowly toothed, the terminal one truncate or subcordate, the two 

 lateral ones oblique at the base : panicles axillary and terminal, 1-2 dm. long, its branches 

 zigzag, the ultimate divisions being spikes : flowers very small, their bracts 1-2 mm. long : 

 corolla short-funnelform, about 1.5 mm. long : fruit narrowly ovoid. 



In thickets, Florida, also in the West Indies, Central and South America. 



2. Valeriana pauciflora Michx. Foliage sometimes sparingly pubescent. Stems erect, 

 3-10 dm. tall, usually simple : leaves various ; basal and lower stem-leaves with undivided 

 or nearly undivided, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, acute or acutish crenate or dentate 

 or rarely entire cordate long-petioled blades ; upper stem-leaves with pinnately divided 

 blades, with large segments and 1 or 2 pairs of smaller ones, one of which is near the base 

 of the petiole, the larger segments ovate, toothed like the lower leaf-blades : corymbs 

 terminal, 5-10 cm. long : bracts 4-8 mm. long : corolla white or pink, about 2 cm. 

 long ; tube very slender, funnelform above ; lobes about as long as broad, rounded at 

 the apex. 



On alluvial river banks, Pennsylvania to Missouri, Virginia and Tennessee. Spring. 



2. VALERIANELLA Moench. 



Annual vernal herbs, with fleshy tissues and usually glabrous foliage. Stems dichot- 

 omously branched. Leaves opposite, the basal rosulate: blades entire, toothed, lobed or 

 rarely pinnatifid. Flowers perfect, in terminal clustered or corymbose cymes. Calyx 

 small, lobed or obsolete. Corolla white, bluish or purplish, funnelform : tube not usually 

 gibbous : limb of 5 spreading equal lobes. Stamens 3. Fruit with the 2 sterile portions 

 more or less enlarged, sometimes confluent, rarely bursting. CORN SALAD. 



Corolla blue or purplish : fruit about twice as broad as thick": species introduced. 1. V. Locutta. 

 Corolla white : fruit about as broad as thick : species native. 



Fruit with the fertile portion fully as wide as the sterile portion. 



Fruit 3-angled. 2. V. amarella. 



Fruit 4-angled. 



Fruit ovoid-tetragonal, with a broad and shallow groove between the sterile 



portions. 3. V. radiata, 



Fruit oblong-tetragonal, with a very narrow groove between the sterile 



portions. 4. V. stenocarpa. 



Fruit with the fertile portion much smaller and narrower than the sterile portion : 

 Empty cavities broad, bladder-like 'by the infolding of the edges and form- 

 ing a cross-shaped umbilication. 5. V. umbilicata. 

 Empty cavities never infolded so as to make a bladder-like body. 



Empty cavities dilated and divergent, forming a saucer-shaped body notched 



at both ends. 6. V. patellaria. 



Empty cavities contiguous, with an oblong depression between them. 7. V. IVoodsiana. 



1. Valerianella Locusta (L. ) Bettke. Stems erect, 1-4 dm. tall, simple or branched 

 throughout : leaves fleshy ; basal and lower stem -leaves with spatulate or oblanceolate 

 blades ; upper stem-leaves with oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed 

 blades, all obtuse, 1.5-7 cm. long : corolla blue or purplish, funnelform ; tube not longer 

 than the diameter of the limb : fruit about twice as broad as thick. [ V. olitoria Poll ] 



In waste places, woods and meadows, New York to New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Louisiana. 

 Spring and early summer. 



2. Valerianella amarella Krok. Stems erect, 1-3 dm. tall, usually much branched 

 throughout, or sometimes simple : basal and lower stem-leaves with oblanceolate or spatu- 

 late blades ; upper stem-leaves with oblong or oblong-oblanceolate blades, all obtuse, more 

 or less undulate or crenate, sessile : corolla white, funnelform : fruit 3-angled, with fertile 



