1140 CAMPANULACEAE 



berries ovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long, clustered, becoming membranous, villous and armed with 

 bristles. 



In thickets, Quebec to Minnesota, Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. STAR CUCUMBER. NIM- 

 BLE KATE. 



FAMILY 2. CAMPANULACEAE Juss. BELLFLOWER FAMILY. 



Annual or perennial caulescent herbs or rarely shrubby plants, with a some- 

 what acid sap. Leaves alternate, without stipules : blades simple, entire, toothed 

 and sometimes lobed, those of the cauline and the basal often very dissimilar. In- 

 florescence terminal or axillary, spicate or racemose. Flowers perfect, regular. 

 Calyx of 5 partially united sepals, persistent. Corolla of 5 united sepals, cam- 

 panulate, tubular or rotate, usually 5-lobed, withering or deciduous. Androe- 

 cium of 5 stamens inserted with the corolla. Filaments distinct, often ciliate. 

 Anthers introrse. Gynoecium of 2-5 united carpels. Ovary inferior or nearly 

 inferior, mainly 2-5-celled. Styles united. Stigmas rarely capitate, usually 

 with as many lobes as there are cavities in the ovary, spreading or recurved. 

 Ovules horizontal, anatropous, on placentae or in the central angle of each 

 cavity. Fruit a 2-8-celled capsule opening loculicidally, or by pores. Seeds 

 numerous, sometimes angled or flattened, often with a rough testa. Endosperm 

 fleshy. Embryo straight, axile. 



Corolla campanulate or funnelform : inflorescence racemose or paniculate. 1. CAMPANULA. 

 Corolla rotate : inflorescence spicate. 



Style declined : flowers complete throughout. 2. CAMPANULASTRUM. 



Style straight : flowers various, the earlier cleistogamous. 3. SPECULARIA. 



1. CAMPANULA L. 



Perennial or sometimes annual herbs, with solitary or tufted stems. Leaves alternate : 

 blades various, broader than long to linear, sometimes thus on a single plant, entire to 

 lobed. Flowers perfect, all alike and complete, in racemes or panicles, often centrifugal. 

 Sepals 5, narrow. Corolla campanulate or funnelform, with 5 lobes either longer or shorter 

 than the tube. Stamens 5 : filaments dilated at the base : anthers oblong or sometimes 

 narrower. Ovary 3-5-celled : style straight : stigmas 3-5. Capsules not elongated, open- 

 ing by perforations or by uplifting valves in the sides. Testa smooth. BELLFLOWER. 



Style shorter than the corolla or sometimes about equalling it in length : leaf-blades entire or slightly 



toothed. 



Annual plant : stems erect. 1. C. Revtrchonii. 

 Perennial plants : stems reclining or diffusely spreading. 



Foliage scabrous with retroree hairs : sepals much shorter than the corolla. 2. C. aparinoides. 



Foliage smooth and glabrous : sepals as long as the corolla. 3. C. Floridana. 



Style surpassing the corolla : leaf-blades laciniately toothed. 4. C. fiexuosa. 



1. Campanula Reverch6nii A. Gray. Annual, slender, minutely prickly below, 

 glabrous above. Stems erect, 1-2 dm. tall, simple below and branched above or much 

 branched throughout : leaf-blades thick, the basal spatulate, 1-1.5 cm. long, toothed, those 

 on the lower part of the stem oblanceolate or oblong, slightly toothed, the upper ones be- 

 coming linear-filiform, entire : buds erect : hypanthium glabrous, becoming slightly con- 

 stricted above : sepals linear-subulate, 2-4 mm. long, longer than the hypanthium : corolla 

 blue, oblong-campanulate, nearly 1.5 cm. long, its ovate-lanceolate lobes slightly shorter 

 than the tube : capsules obovoid, 3-4 mm. long, crowned with the erect sepals : seeds oval, 

 0.5 mm. long, nearly smooth. 



On granite rocks, middle Texas. Spring. 



2. Campanula aparinoides Pursh. Perennial by slender rootstocks, minutely 

 prickly. Steins almost filiform, wiry, diffuse or reclining, 2-6 dm. long, mostly simple 

 below, leafy, strict or flexuous, the angles armed with minute retrorse prickles : leaf- 

 blades linear or narrowly lanceolate, sometimes linear-lanceolate, 1-6 cm. long, acute, 

 sessile or very short-petioled, entire or distantly and shallowly serrate, their edges and 

 mid-nerve armed like the stem : buds drooping : hypanthium slightly ribbed, hemispheric : 

 sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, acute, about as long as the hypanthium : corolla white or 

 pink, campanulate, rather open ; lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, often longer than the 

 tube : capsules globose obovoid, 3.5-4 mm. long, crowned with the persistent nearly erect 

 sepals : seeds oval, nearly 1 mm. long, smooth. 



In damp or wet places, Neva Scotia to the Saskatchewan, Georgia and Colorado. Summer. 



3. Campanula Floridana S. Wats. Perennial, smooth and glabrous throughout. 

 Stems nearly filiform, wiry, 2-4 dm. long, diffuse or usually reclining, angled, simple or 



