CAMPANULACEAE 1141 



sparingly branched above : leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate or the lower 

 ones narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, acute, distinctly serrate, more or less 

 revolute, sessile or nearly so : buds drooping: hypanthium turbinate-campanulate : sepals 

 linear-lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long, several times longer than the hypanthium, acute, usually 

 2-toothed near the base : corolla blue or pale-purple, short-campanulate, about as long as 

 the sepals ; lobes longer than the tube, ovate-lanceolate : capsules obovoid, 4 mm. long, 

 crowned by the spreading or recurved sepals : seeds oblong, about 0.5 mm. long, rugose* 



In grassy swamps, eastern and peninsular Florida. Spring and summer. 



4. Campanula flexuosa Michx. Perennial, slender, glabrous or nearly so. Stems 

 solitary or tufted, 2-10 dm. long, erect or ascending, usually paniculately branched, more 

 or less flexuous : leaf-blades thinnish, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, sometimes narrowly 

 elliptic or nearly linear, 2-12 cm. long, acuminate, usually coarsely serrate with flaring 

 teeth except near the base, narrowed into short petioles or nearly sessile : flowers drooping : 

 hypanthium campanulate : sepals subulate, about as long as the hypanthium : corolla pale- 

 blue or white, campanulate, 6-8 mm. long, its triangular or triangular-ovate lobes much 

 shorter than the tube : capsules turbinate-campanulate, about 5 mm. long, ribbed : seeds 

 narrowly oblong, a little more than 1 mm. long, slightly wrinkled. \_C. divaricata Michx.] 



Chiefly in crevices of rocks, Virginia to West Virginia, Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



2. CAMFANULASTRUM Small. 



Annual or sometimes biennial herbs, with upright stems. Leaves alternate : blades 

 flat, toothed, more or less abruptly narrowed into petioles. Flowers perfect, all com- 

 plete, centripetally arranged in spikes. Hypanthium turbinate, elongating in age. 

 Sepals 5, slender. Corolla rotate, showy, each lobe terminating in a thickened tip. 

 Stamens 5, exserted : filaments filiform, somewhat declined : anthers narrow. Ovary in- 

 ferior, 3-celled : styles united, upwardly curved, and declined : stigmas 3. Ovules several. 

 Capsule of a clavate type, erect, sessile, with valvular openings near the top. 



1. Campanulastrum Americanum (L. ) Small. Annual or biennial, coarsely pilose 

 or nearly glabrous. Stems erect, 2-20 dm. tall, sometimes much branched, angled : leaf- 

 blades thin, the lower ones orbicular or ovate, on petioles about as long as the blades ; 

 the upper ones usually lanceolate, narrowed at the base, short-petioled or nearly sessile, all 

 serrate, acuminate : spikes 1-8 dm. long, interrupted : hypanthium tubular-turbinate : 

 sepals linear-subulate, 6-10 mm. long, much longer than the hypanthium, acuminate : 

 corolla blue or white, rotate, 5-parted ; lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.3 cm. 

 long, surpassing the sepals : style deplined : capsules turbinate-clavate, 8-10 mm. long, 

 sessile : seeds almost oblong, 1 mm. long, nearly smooth. [Campanula Americana L.] 



On shaded hillsides, New Brunswick to South Dakota, Georgia, Kansas and Arkansas. Summer. 



3. SFECULARIA Heist. 



Annual or biennial herbs. Stems upright, angled. Leaves alternate : blades sessile 

 or clasping, commonly toothed. Flowers dimorphous ; earlier ones close-fertilized in the 

 bud, with a calyx usually of 3 of 4 sepals and an undeveloped corolla ; later flowers with a 

 calyx of 5 sepals and a rotate or nearly rotate corolla. Stamens 5 : filaments distinct : 

 anthers linear. Ovary 3-celled : stigmas 3. Capsule prismatic or cylindric to narrowly 

 obconic, opening mainly by valves near the top or the middle. VENUS' LOOKING-GLASS. 



Capsules less than 1 cm. long : sepals of the corolliferous flowers triangular to lanceolate. 



Leaf-blades clasping, fully as broad as long or nearly so : valves near the middle of the capsule. 



1. S. perfoliata. 



Leaf-blades sessile, longer than broad : valves at the top of the capsule. 2. S. biflora. 



Capsules over 1 cm. long : sepals linear to subulate. 



Lower flowers with 3 sepals : seeds oblong-lenticular. 3. S. leptocarpa. 



Lower flowers with 5 sepals : seeds globose-lenticular. 4. S. Coloradoensis. 



1. Specularia perfoliata (L. ) A. DC. Annual, commonly stoutish, more or less hir- 

 sute or hispid or rarely glabrate. Stems erect, 1-5 dm. tall, simple or often branched, 

 usually slightly prickly on the angles : leaf-blades suborbicular or triangular-cordate, 1-2 

 cm. broad, crenate or crenate-serrate, clasping : flowers 1 or several, in each axil, sessile : 

 calyx of the apetalous flower of 3-4 ovate or ovate-lanceolate sepals which are usually 

 shorter than the hypanthium, that of the corolliferous flower with 5 lanceolate sepals which 

 are usually as longer longer than the hypanthium : corolla blue, 1-1.5 cm. broad : capsules 

 oblong-prismatic or obconic, 5-6 mm. long : seeds globose-lenticular, about 0.5 mm. long, 

 dark, nearly smooth. 



In fields and on hillsides, Ontario to British Columbia, Florida and Mexico. Spring to fall. 



