1190 



CARDUACEAE 



Leaf-blades acute at the apex, the bases broad. 

 Leaf-blades more or less acuminate at the apex, the bases narrow, 

 b. Involucre 7-8 mm. high. 

 B. Heads in a terminal inconspicuously bracted, rarely contracted, panicle or 



thyrsus. 



Inflorescence consisting of a round-topped contracted panicle. 

 Inflorescence pyramidal or elongated. 



Tips of the involucral bracts, at least some of them, spreading or recurved. 

 Blades of the lower stem-leaves mainly over 5 cm. wide, smooth or nearly 



so. 

 Blades of the lower stem-leaves mainly less than 3 cm. wide, manifestly 



scabrous. 



Leaves dull green. 



Leaves with a metallic lustre, often silvery. 

 Tips of the involucral bracts erect or appressed. 



Inflorescence equilateral or essentially so : heads not secund on the 



branches. 

 Upper stem-leaves not abruptly smaller than the lower, more or less 



spreading. 



Bracts of the involucre decidedly obtu se. 

 Achenes glabrous. 



Stems copiously pubescent. 



Ray-flowers with white ligules. 



Ray-flowers with yellow ligules. 



Stems glabrous or merely puberulent. 



Involucre 4-6.5 mm. high, 2-4 mm. thick ; the bracts gla- 

 brous or nearly so. 

 Bracts of the involucre 1 mm. broad or broader near 



the rounded tip. 



Leaf-blades, at least the majority of them, toothed. 

 Involucres 4.5-5.5 mm. high. 3-3.5 mm. thick, the 



inner bracts barely 1 mm. wide. 

 Involucres 5.5-6.5 mm. nigh, 4-1.5 mm. thick, the 



inner bracts fully 1 mm. wide. 

 Leaf-blades entire. 

 Bracts of the involucre less than 1 mm. broad near the 



somewhat narrowed apex. 



Involucre 7-7.5 mm. high, fully 5 mm. thick, the bracts pu- 

 bescent. 

 Achenes pubescent. 



Heads short- ped uncled or sessile : inflorescence compact. 

 Heads slender-peduncled : inflorescence open. 

 Bracts of the involucre acute or acutish. 



Heads relatively few, in a lax panicle or thyrsus. 



Stems and leaves glabrous : up]>er stem-leaves with linear 



blades. 

 Stems and leaves softly puberulent : upper stem-leaves with 



broader blades. 



Heads relatively numerous, in a compact panicle or thyrsus. 

 Involucres 2.5-3 mm. thick ; bracts linear. 



Involucres narrowly campanulate, 3 mm. thick. 

 Involucres turbinate-campanulate, 2.5 mm. thick. 

 Involucres 4 mm. thick : bracts oblong. 



Upper stem-leaves abruptly smaller than the lower, erect or appressed . 

 Inflorescence 1-sided : heads manifestly secund on the branches. 

 * Leaf-blades pinnately veined, not 3-ribbed. 

 Plants maritime : leaves fleshy-leathery. 

 Involucres 3.5-4 mm. high. 

 Involucres 5-6 mm. high. 

 Involucres campanulate. 

 Involucres turbinate. 

 Plants not maritime : leaves not fleshy-leathery. 



Interned es of the stem prominently angled below the leaves. 

 Involucres broadly campanulate, 4.5-5 mm. high, about 3 



mm. thick. 



Involucres narrowly campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2.5 mm thick. 

 Internodes of the stem terete or essentially so. 



Leaf-blades commonly about as broad as long, clasping or 



their petiole-like oases clasping. 



Leaf-blades, at least the lower ones, much longer than broad. 

 tStem manifestly pubescent, rarely only in lines. 

 Leaves glabrous except the ciliate margins. 

 Leaf-blades entire. 



Stem pubescent in lines: leaf-blades 6-7 times 



longer than wide. 

 Stem pubescent all over : leaf-blades 2-5 times 



longer than wide. 

 Leaf-blades toothed. 



Inner bracts of the involucre linear : leaves green. 

 Inner bracts of the involucre oblong : leaves 



glaucescent. 

 Leaves pubescent. 



Leaf-blades not rugose-veiny. 



Leaves of a linear type. 



Leaves of an oblong elliptic oval or ovate type. 



Stem-leaves with clasping blades. 

 Stem-leaves not clasping. 



8. S. Buckleyi. 



9. S. monticola. 

 10. /S. glomerata. 



11. S. spithamaca. 



12. S. squarrota. 



13. S.petiolarit. 



14. S. Wardi. 



15. S. Ucolor. 



16. S. ktspida. 



17. S. erecta. 



18. S. speciosa. 



19. S. rigidiutcula. 



20. 5. plumona. 



21. S. Porteri. 



22. S. nliffinosa. 



23. S. dispersa. 



24. S, Chrysopsit. 



25. S. verna. 



26. S.puberula. 



27. S. pulvenilenta. 



28. S. Lindticimeriana. 



29. S.stricta. 



30. S. angwttfolia. 



31. S. scmpervirens. 



32. S. flavovirent. 



33. S.patiila. 



34. S. salicina. 



35. S. amplexicaults. 



36. S. odora. 



37. S. Chapmanii. 



38. S. brachyphytta. 



39. S. pallescens. 



40. S. torttfolia. 



41. S.fistulosa. 



