CARDUACEAE 1193 



9. Solidago montfcola T. & G. Stems 2-8 dm. tall, angled, usually simple, spar- 

 ingly pubescent or glabrate in age : leaf-blades spatulate on the lower part of the stem to 

 elliptic or linear-elliptic above, more or less acuminate at both ends, rather sparingly ap- 

 pressed serrate, commonly glabrous : heads in axillary often raceme-like clusters which are 

 sometimes aggregated into a terminal thyrsus : involucres cylindric-campanulate, about 4 

 mm. high, nearly 2 mm. thick ; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, acute : achenes glabrous. 



In deep mountain woods, Maryland and West Virginia to Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



10. Solidago glomerata Michx. Stems 3-11 dm. tall, very stout, angled, glabrous, 

 sometimes branched : leaf-blades ample for the genus, spatulate and 2-3 dm. long on the 

 lower part of the stem, smaller and broadly or narrowly elliptic above, acuminate, rather 

 sharply and coarsely serrate, more or less pubescent, especially near the margins : heads 

 in thick axillary clusters which are sometimes aggregated into a terminal thyrsus : involu- 

 cres broadly campanulate, 7-8 mm. high, 5-6 mm. thick ; bracts obtuse or acutish, the 

 outer ovate, the inner linear : achenes glabrate. 



On high mountain slopes and summits, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer and fall. 



11. Solidago spithamafea M. A. Curtis. Stems often clustered, 1-3 dm. tall, simple 

 below the inflorescence, somewhat angled, pubescent : leaf -blades spatulate and 5-10 cm. 

 long on the lower part of the stem, somewhat smaller and elliptic or oblong above, acute, 

 appressed-serrate or sharply serrate, often finely pubescent beneath : heads in raceme-like 

 clusters which are aggregated into a round-topped panicle : involucres campanulate, 4-5 mm. 

 high, about 5 mm. thick ; bracts narrow, acute : achenes pubescent. 



On rocky mountain summits and slopes, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer and fall. 



12. Solidago squarrosa L. Stems 4-15 dm. tall, stout, striate-angled, usually some- 

 what pubescent above, usually simple : leaves various, the basal and lower cauline with 

 elliptic oval or ovate coarsely toothed blades 1-2 dm. long, terminating, long petiole-like 

 bases, the upper cauline leaves smaller, with mainly oblong or elliptic less coarsely toothed 

 or merely undulate blades : involucres long-campanulate, 6-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. thick ; 

 bracts numerous, all but the inner with spreading or recurved tips : achenes glabrous. 



In rocky soil or on banks, New Brunswick to Ontario, Georgia and Ohio. Summer and fall. 



13. Solidago petiolaris Ait. Stems 3-16 dm. tall, often branched, striate ridged, 

 finely pubescent throughout : leaves various, the basal and lower cauline with spatulate or 

 narrowly cuneate remotely appressed serrate blades 4-11 cm. long, the upper cauline 

 smaller with oblong, elliptic or oblong-ovate blades entire or shallowly toothed near the 

 apex, all green : heads in an elongated panicle : involucres 5-6 mm. high, about 4 mm. 

 thick ; bracts fewer than in S. squarrosa, some of the outer ones at least, with spreading or 

 recurved tips : achenes glabrous. 



In dry or stony soil, North Carolina to Kansas, Florida and Texas. A form from Arkansas, Louisi- 

 ana and Texas, with narrow entire or nearly entire leaf-blades, is S. petiolaris angusta (T. & G.) A. Gray. 



14. Solidago Ward! Britton. Similar to S. petiolaris in habit. Leaves with a me- 

 tallic luster, often silvery : heads in a terminal thyrsus : involucres long-campanulate, 6-7 

 mm. high, 4-5 mm. thick : ray-flowers with very brilliant yellow ligules. 



In sandy or rocky woods, Missouri and Kansas to Texas. Summer and fall. 



15. Solidago bicolor L. Stems 2-12 dm. tall (sometimes dwarf at high altitudes), 

 striate, more or less hirsute, simple or branched : leaf-blades various, those of the basal 

 and lower cauline leaves obovate, oval, elliptic or spatulate, mostly 1-2 dm. long, narrowed 

 into petiole-like bases, coarsely but shallowly crenate-serrate, those of the upper cauline 

 smaller, elliptic, oblong or oblanceolate, shallowly toothed or entire, all somewhat coarsely 

 pubescent, especially beneath : heads in a terminal thyrsus, the upper clusters contiguous, 

 the lower remote or disposed on spreading or ascending branches : involucres campanulate, 

 4-4.5 mm. high, 3-3.5 mm. thick ; bracts obtuse, often green-tipped : ray-flowers with 

 white ligules : achenes glabrous. 



In dry or rocky soil, New Brunswick to Ontario, Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. Summer and 

 fall. 



16. Solidago hispida Muhl. Similar to S. bicolor in habit, but usually less robust. 

 Stems often densely hirsute and sometimes widely branched : leaf -blades more prominently 

 toothed, the upper ones rarely entire, all usually copiously pubescent : heads in a terminal 

 often branched thyrsus : involucres campanulate, 4.5-5 mm. high, 4-4.5 mm. thick ; 

 bracts obtuse, sometimes a little narrowed at the tip : ray-flowers with yellow ligules : 

 achenes glabrous. 



In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Ontario, Minnesota, Georgia and Arkansas. Summer and fall. 



17. Solidago er6cta Pursh. Stems 3-13 dm. tall , striate, glabrous or merely puberulent 

 near the inflorescence, simple and wand-like or sometimes branched, often purple or purple- 

 tinged : leaf-blades various, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblong 



