CARDUACEAE 1199 



or elliptic-lanceolate, shallowly toothed or essentially entire, acute or somewhat acuminate, 

 often contracted into a narrow base : heads relatively few, secund on the usually short more 

 or less spreading, pubescent branches of the panicle : involucres campanulate, 3.5-4 mm. 

 high, about 3 mm. thick ; bracts linear, somewhat narrowed to the apex but obtuse or 

 acutish, keeled along the back : achenes pubescent. 



In woods or sandy soil, Georgia to Louisiana and Arkansas. Summer and fall. 



52. Solidago Yadkin<nsis (Porter) Small. Stems 5-14 dm. tall, striate-angled, 

 purple-tinged, glabrous below the inflorescence : leaves relatively few ; blades thickish, 

 glabrous, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves elliptic, oblong, or oblong-ovate or 

 rarely narrower and narrowed into long petiole-like bases, crenate-serrate, those of the 

 upper cauline broader than those of S. Boottii, crenate or crenate-undulate, acute or acutish : 

 heads not very numerous, secund and merely approximate on the short or somewhat elon- 

 gated pubescent branches of the inflorescence : involucres campanulate, 6-7 mm. high, 

 about 4 mm. thick ; bracts oblong to almost linear, obtuse, somewhat keeled along the 

 back : achenes pubescent. 



In woods and low grounds, North Carolina to Florida. Summer and fail. 



53. Solidago Ludoviciana (A. Gray) Small. Resembling S. Yadkinensis in habit but 

 more robust. Stem 8-16 dm. tall, striate-angled, purple-tinged, glabrous below the in- 

 florescence : leaves relatively few, glabrous ; blades thick, those of the basal and lower 

 cauline leaves 1-2 dm. long, sharply toothed, those of the upper cauline elliptic to ovate- 

 elliptic, 2.5-7 cm. long, acute, coarsely serrate, the teeth flaring or rarely appressed : heads 

 rather numerous, secund and approximate-crowded on the recurved pubescent branches of 

 the inflorescence ; involucres campanulate, 5-6 mm. high, about 4 mm. thick ; bracts 

 linear, obtuse, keeled along the back : achenes pubescent. 



In moist soil or woods, Arkansas and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 



54. Solidago arguta Ait. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous below the inflorescence, 



Surple or purple-tinged, somewhat angled : leaves relatively few ; blades thin, glabrous, 

 oubly and prominently serrate, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to 

 oblong, elliptic, oval or ovate, narrowed into petiple-like bases, those of the upper cauline 

 mainly elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, more or less acuminate, more finely serrate than 

 those of the lower leaves: heads* often numerous, in an open or contracted one-sided 

 panicle, secund on the more or less recurved branches: involucres campanulate, 3.5-4:5 

 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; bracts mainly linear-oblong, obtuse, slightly keeled on the 

 back : achenes pubescent. 



In woods, Maine and Ontario to North Carolina and Ohio. Summer and fall. 



55. Solidago Vaseyi Heller. Similar to S. arguta in habit. Leaves sometimes 

 larger ; blades rather thicker : involucres campanulate, 5-6 mm. high, 3-4 mm. thick ; 

 bracts mainly oblong, obtuse, somewhat keeled on the back : achenes finely pubescent. 



On mountain slopes. Virginia and Kentucky to Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



56. Solidago jiincea Ait. Stems 4-15 dm. tall, glabrous, somewhat angled, com- 

 monly spirally-zigzag : leaves rather numerous ; blades glabrous, except the more or less 

 ciliate margin, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblong or elliptic, 

 1-3 dm. long, narrowed with petiole-like bases, shallow-serrate, those of the upper cauline 

 mainly elliptic, or sometimes linear-lanceolate or nearly linear, finely serrate or merely 

 undulate, often twisted, acute or acuminate : heads numerous, slender-peduncled and 

 gecund on the glabrous approximate, more or less curved branches of the panicle : involu- 

 cres campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. high, 2.5-3 mm. thick ; bracts narrowly oblong or those of 

 the inner series linear, 'obtuse, rounded on the back : achenes finely pubescent. 



In dry or rocky soil, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Georgia and Missouri. Spring and summer. 



57. Solidago gracillima T. & G. Stems 4-8 dm. tall, slender, glabrous, striate- 

 ridged, simple or with few virgate branches : leaves few ; blades thick, glabrous, those of 

 the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate, mostly less than 10 cm. long, appressed- or 

 crenate-serrate, mainly obtuse, narrowed into petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline 

 linear-spatulate or linear, shallowly toothed or entire, acute : heads rather numerous, 

 secund and approximate on the glabrous distant spreading branches : involucres campanu- 

 late, 4.5 mm. high, 2.5-3 mm. thick ; bracts oblong, sometimes rather narrowly so, broadly 

 obtuse at the apex, rounded on the back : achenes pubescent. 



In sandy soil, Georgia and Florida. Summer and fall. 



58. Solidago delicatula Small. Stems 5-11 dm. tall, striate-ridged, glabrous, more 

 or less branched above : leaves numerous ; blades firm, glabrous except the scabrous mar- 

 gins, those of the upper cauline leaves linear-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 3-7 cm. long, 

 sharply serrate, acuminate, lustrous but paler green beneath and less lustrous than above 



