CARDUACEAE 1237 



at the apex, densely white-woolly : basal leaves several ; blades thin, variable, but 

 usually oblong, 3-6 cm. long, and 2-4 cm. wide, 3-ribbed. mucronate, rather abruptly con- 

 tracted into petiole-like bases less than i their length : cauline leaves erect, remote ; blades 

 linear-lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, acute: head solitary : involucre about 10 mm. high 

 at maturity ; bracts purplish except the white petaloid tips. 



In rich woods, mostly in the mountains, Pennsylvania to middle Georgia. Also in Louisiana. 

 Spring. 



64. ANAFHALIS DC. 



Perennial caulescent herbs, with woolly or tomentose foliage. Leaves alternate : 

 blades narrow, entire, sessile. Heads discoid, dioecious, in terminal corymbs. Involucres 

 thick : bracts in several series, scarious, pearly or white. Receptacle convex, not chaffy. 

 Staminate flowers with slender or filiform corollas, united stigmas and pappus of several 

 hair-like bristles. Anthers tailed at the base. Pistillate flowers with tubular corollas, 

 distinct stigmas and pappus of copious hair-like bristles. Achenes oblong or nearly so. 



1. Anaphalis margaritacea (L. ) Benth. & Hook. Foliage white-woolly throughout. 

 Stems usually tufted, 2-4 dm. tall : leaf-blades linear or nearly so, 5-15 cm. long, acute, 

 entire, sessile : heads numerous, conspicuous : involucres campanulate to subglobose, 5-6 

 mm. high : bracts numerous, ovate to oblong, mostly obtuse, pearly white, spreading in 

 age : pappus-bristles of the pistillate flowers distinct, falling away separately. 



In dry soil or open woods, Newfoundland to Alaska, North Carolina, Kansas and California. 

 Summer and fall. PEARLY EVERLASTING. 



65. FACELIS 



Annual caulescent woolly herbs. Leaves alternate : blades narrow, entire. Heads 

 heterogamous, axillary or in clusters. Involucre oblong or ovoid, of several series of nar- 

 row bracts, the inner mainly scarious and elongated. Receptacle flat, naked. Pistillate 

 flowers marginal, each with a slender truncate or obscurely lobed corolla. Perfect flowers 

 central, some of them fruit-producing, each with a 5-lobed corolla. Anthers sagittate at the 

 base, the auricles acuminate. Achenes pubescent, beakless. Pappus of numerous white 

 plumose bristles, concreted at the base. 



1. Pacelis apiculata Cass. Stem commonly branched at the base, the branches 2- 

 12 cm. tall, leafy, lanate : leaf -blades linear-spatulate to linear, 0.5-1 cm. long, apiculate, 

 revolute, more woolly beneath than above : involucres mostly clustered : bracts ovate to 

 oblong or linear, scarious except a green midrib, the outer woolly, the inner 5-7.5 mm. 

 long, glabrous : achenes 1-1.5 mm. long, the hairs merging into the pappus which is sev- 

 eral times longer than the achene. 



In grassy commons and waste places, eastern Georgia. Native of southern South America. 



66. GNAPHALIUM L. 



Annual, biennial or perennial caulescent herbs, with woolly or sometimes glandular foli- 

 age. Leave? alternate : blades entire, often sessile or decurrent, usually narrow. Heads 

 discoid, variously disposed. Involucres with both pistillate and perfect flowers : bracts 

 scarious, in several series. Receptacle not chaffy, usually pitted. Pistillate flowers in 

 several series, with filiform corollas. Anthers sagittate, with tailed auricles. Achenes 

 terete or slightly flattened, not ribbed. Pappus a single series of hair-like bristles either 

 distinct or cohering at the base, not plumose, deciduous. CUDWEED. EVERLASTING. 



Pappus-bristles distinct, falling away separately. 

 Leaf-blades merely sessile. 

 Foliage pubescent, not viscid. 

 Upper surface of the leaf-blades glabrous or glabrate : stems erect from an 



annual root. 1. G. obtusifolium. 



Upper surface of the leaf-blades persistently woolly : stems diffusely branched 



from a perennial root. 2. G. Wrightii. 



Foliage glandular-viscid. 3. G. Helleri. 



Leaf-blades decurrent on the stem. 4. G. decurrent. 



Pappus-bristles united at the base, falling away together. 



Leaf-blades manifestly more pubescent beneath than above, spatulate, some- 

 times broadly so. 



Leaf-blades thin : stems cobwebby : involucre-clusters copiously woolly. 5. G. spathulatum. 



Leaf-blades thick : stems densely woolly or felty : involucre-clusters sparingly 



woolly. 6. G. purpurtum. 



Leaf-blades almost equally pubescent on both sides, linear-spatulate below, 



linear or mostly so above. 7. G. falcatum. 



