1246 CARDUACEAE 



late, 5-15 cm. long, acute or acutish, crenate, tomentose beneath, cordate at the base, the 

 upper sessile and partly clasping : involucres flattish, about 3.5 cm. broad ; bracts spatu- 

 late-linear to oblong, slightly broadened upward or obovate, rather obtuse, ciliolate : ligules 

 of the ray-flowers about 2 cm. long : disk-corollas about 4 mm. long : achenes obovate, 5-6 

 mm. long, ciliate. 



On hillsides, Missouri to Louisiana and Texas. Spring and summer. 



2. Berlandiera betonicifolia (Hook.) Small. Similar to B. Texana in habit, but 

 more harshly pubescent. Stem commonly more slender : leaf-blades triangular-ovate to 

 triangular, acute, crenate, truncate or cordate at the base, finely hirsute beneath : bracts 

 of the involucre spatulate-obovate to cuneate-obovate : ligules of the ray-flowers about 1.5 

 cm. long. [Silphium betonicifolia, Hook.] 



In dry or sandy soil, Louisiana. 



3. Berlandiera pumila (Michx.) Nutt. Stems 2.9 dm. tall, pubescent with gray 

 wool, simple or sparingly corymbose. Leaf-blades oblong, ovate or oval, 4-10 cm. long, 

 obtuse, crenate, truncate or subcordate at the base or rarely narrowed, pubescent with gray 

 wool beneath, the upper ones sessile or nearly so : involucres flattish, 2-2.5 cm. broad ; 

 bracts oblong, oval or obovate, obtuse, ciliolate : ligules of the ray-flowers yellow, 1-1.5 

 cm. long : disk-corollas about 3 mm. long : achenes 6 mm. long, ciliate. [B. tomentosa 

 Nutt.] 



In sandy soil, North Carolina to'Georgia and Florida. 



4. Berlandiera dealbata (T. & G. ) Small. Stems 7-12 dm. tall, pubescent with 

 white wool, more or less widely branched above. Leaf-blades broadly ovate, oval or del- 

 toid, crenate, pubescent with white wool beneath, truncate or cordate at the base, the upper 

 ones sessile : involucres flattish, about 1.5 cm. broad ; bracts ovate to oblong and obovate, 

 obtuse, those of the two outer series strongly ribbed : ligules of the ray-flowers yellow, 

 1-1.5 cm. long : disk-corollas 4 mm. long : achenes obovate or elliptic-obovate, 5-6 mm. 

 long. [J5. tomentosa var. dealbata T. & G.] 



In dry soil, Arkansas to Louisiana, Texas and Mexico. Summer. 



5. Berlandiera humilis Small. Plants acaulescent, 1-2 dm. tall, tomentose. Leaf- 

 blades oblong to ovate, 3-8 cm. long, rounded at the apex, unevenly crenate, pale beneath, 

 more or less lyrate-pinnatifid near the base, or some of them merely cordate : scapes simple 

 or corymbosely branched, the heads thus solitary or several together: involucres 1.5-2 

 cm. broad ; bracts oblong or lanceolate to ovate or orbicular, closely soft-pubescent : ligules 

 of the ray-flowers 1.5-2 cm. long : achenes obovate, 5-6 mm. long, woolly. 



In pine lands, Florida. Throughout the year. 



6. Berlandiera subacaulis Nutt. Plants usually tufted, 1-5 dm. tall, hispidulous. 

 Leaf-blades deeply sinuate-pinnatifid or lyrate-piunatifid, oblong to oblanceolate, 4-12 cm. 

 long, the lobes obtuse, entire or toothed : involucres about 2 cm. broad ; bracts oblong or 

 oblong-spatulate to obovate and cuneate, obtuse, ciliolate,: ligules of the ray-flowers 1-1.5 

 cm. long : disk-corollas 3-3.5 mm. long : achenes elliptic or nearly so, 5-6 mm. long, cili- 

 olate. 



In sand, Florida. Spring to fall. 



7. Berlandiera lyrata Benth. Plants commonly tufted, pale cinereous-pubescent. 

 Stems 1-4 dm. tall, striate : leaf-blades narrow in outline, pinnatifid, often lyrate-pinnatifid, 

 4-13 cm. long, the segments usually toothed : heads long-peduncled, rather showy : invo- 

 lucres about 2 cm. broad ; bracts canescent, the outer ovate to obovate, the inner much 

 longer, broadly cuneate : ligules of .the ray -flowers yellow with darker stripes, oblong to 

 narrowly cuneate, 1-1.5 cm. long : achenes 5-6 mm. long, obovate, finely strigillose. 



On plains and rocky hills, Arkansas to Texas and Arizona. Spring to fall. 



74. LINDHEIMERA Gray & Engelm. 



Annual caulescent herbs, with pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate below, opposite 

 above : blades sinuate-toothed, or some of them entire. Heads conspicuously radiate. 

 Involucres double, the outer of 4-5 foliaceous bracts, the inner of 4-5 broader bracts becom- 

 ing parchment-like. Receptacle flat, chaffy, the outer bractlets broadened upward, the inner 

 narrower. Ray-flowers 4-5, pistillate, fruit-producing, with yellow ligules. Disk-flowers 

 perfect, not fruit-prbducing. Achenes flat, broadened upward, 1 -ribbed on each face, not 

 coherent with the subtending bracts, winged. Pappus of 3 teeth, 2 of them confluent with 

 the achene-wing. 



1. Lindheimera Texana Gray & Engelm. Stems 1-6 dm. tall, hirsute or hispid, 

 often branched. Leaves various, the lower ones with spatulate or cuneate-obovate petioled 



