CARDUACEAE 1257 



19. Rudbeckia speciosa Wender. Stems 5-10 dm. tall, hirsute or somewhat his- 

 pid, branched above : leaf-blades sparingly rough-hairy, those of the basal leaves ellip- 

 tic, 2.5-5 cm. broad, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base and prolonged into slender 

 petioles ; of the cauline leaves, elongated-lanceolate, often falcate, 1-4 cm. broad, coarsely 

 and irregularly serrate or laciniately dentate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, subsessile 

 or petioled, or those of the uppermost leaves sessile, entire or nearly so : heads few or 

 several, showy : involucral bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, acute : ray-flowers 12-20 ; 

 ligules 2-3.5 cm. long, yellow or orange-yellow at the base: disks hemispheric or short- 

 conic, 13 mm. -2 cm. broad : chaff pointed, smooth at the erose or erose-denticulate apex : 

 pappus a coroniform border accentuated at the angles. 



In woods and low grounds, Pennsylvania to Georgia, Alabama and Missouri. Summer and fall. 



20. Rudbeckia truncata Small. Stems 3-8 dm. tall, sparingly hirsute or glabrate, 

 mostly branched above : leaf-blades remotely and shallowly dentate or entire ; those of the 

 basal leaves narrowly elliptic, 5-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, borne 

 on winged petioles ; those of the cauline narrowly lanceolate to oblong or oblong-linear, 

 3-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, borne on winged petioles or sessile by a narrowed, 

 truncate or subclasping base : heads several to many, showy : involucral bracts linear to 

 linear-lanceolate, mostly acute : ray-flowers 10-14 ; ligules yellow or deep yellow : disks 

 hemispheric or short-conic, 1-1.5 cm. wide : chaff pointed, naked at the erose apex : pappus 

 a low crown-like border accentuated at the angles. 



In woods and low grounds, Georgia to Alabama and Tennessee. Fall. 



21. Rudbeckia Missourie"nsis Engelm. Stems 4-6 dm. tall, more or less hirsute, 

 fastigiately much-branched, or occasionally simple : leaf -blades rough -pubescent on both 

 surfaces ; those of the basal leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 'cm. long, 

 entire, or with an occasional minute, callous tooth, borne on slender, hirsute petioles ; of 

 the stem leaves, linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, nearly or quite sessile by a tapering 

 base, gradually reduced in size upward or at least on the branches : heads mostly several, 

 showv : involucral bracts 8-10 mm. long, linear to linear-oblong : ray-flowers usually 12- 

 14; ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. long: disks hemispheric, 1-1.5 cm. broad, 8-12 mm. high : chaff 

 pointed, the apex naked and entire : achenes with very short coroniform pappus. 



In dry or rocky soil, Missouri and Arkansas to northern Louisiana. Summer and fall. 



22. Rudbeckia tenax Boynton & Beadle. Stems 4-8 dm. tall, sparingly hirsute or 

 pubescent, simple or branched : leaf-blades more or less pubescent ; those of the basal 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, mostly acute, 3-10 cm. long, borne 

 on margined petioles often longer than the blades ; of the cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate 

 to lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, re- 

 motely and shallowly dentate or entire, borne on winged petioles or the uppermost sessile : 

 heads solitary or several : involucral bracts oblong to lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long, usually 

 pointed : ray-flowers 8-1 4 ; ligules short, 6-12 mm. long, yellow with an orange base : disks 

 hemispheric, 10-18 mm. wide : chaff acute, the hyaline tip erose or denticulate : pappus a 

 low crown toothed at the angles. 



In fields and woods, middle Tennessee and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



23. Rudbeckia graminifolia (T. & G.) Boynton & Beadle. Stems 6-8.5 dm. tall, 

 simple, pubescent : leaf-blades elongated-linear, 6-25 cm. long, 4 mm.-l cm. wide, 3- 

 nerved, the lateral nerves at the extreme borders, acute, narrowed below and passing in- 

 sensibly into apparent petioles ; those of the upper leaves gradually diminished in size, 

 sometimes only 2-4 cm. long, appearing sessile : heads solitary : involucral bracts 6-9 mm. 

 long, acuminate from a broad base : ray-flowers 8-10 ; ligules 8-12 mm. long, deep crim- 

 son : disk hemispheric to oblong-ovoid : chaff mucronate, entire at the apex : pappus a 

 low border toothed at the angles. 



On the margins of ponds in pine lands, southern Georgia and adjacent parts of West Florida. 

 Spring and summer. 



24. Rudbeckia Mohrii A. Gray. Stems 4-12 dm. tall, smooth and glabrous, often 

 loosely branched : leaf-blades linear or elongated-linear, acuminate, 1-3 dm. long, 1-12 

 mm. wide, prominently nerved, the lower narrowed into winged petioles : heads few or 

 several : bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-6 mm. long, acute or acumi- 

 nate : ray-flowers 6-12 ; ligules yellow, 1.5-3 cm. long : disks ovoid-conic to conic-cylin- 

 dric at maturity : chaff conspicuously mucronate, smooth and entire at the apex : pappus a 

 coroniform border accentuated at the angles. [JR. bupleuroides A. Gray. ] 



On the borders of ponds in pine lands, southern Georgia and adjacent portions of West Florida. 

 Summer. 



25. Rudbeckia triloba L. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, hispid or hirsute, branched : leaves 

 various, the basal with ovate or oblong-ovate, serrate, cordate, long-petioled blades ; stem- 



