1258 CARDUACEAE 



leaves 3-10 cm. long ; blades of the lower, or some of them, palmately 3-lobed or 3-parted, 

 sometimes undivided ; of the upper ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, mostly acumi- 

 nate, narrowed into a sessile base or into short winged petioles, serrate or entire ; heads 

 several or numerous : involucral bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, 7-11 rnm. long, ulti- 

 mately reflexed : disks subglobose or conic-globose, 5-13 mm. broad : ray-flowers 8-12, con- 

 spicuous ; ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. long, yellow, or the base orange : chaff aristate or subulate, 

 smooth : pappus a minute crown or border. 



In moist soil or thickets, New Jersey to Michigan, Kangas, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Sum- 

 mer and fall. 



26. Rudbeckia nipe"stris Chickering. Stems 7-15 dm. tall, stout, sparingly pubes- 

 cent, branched : leaves various, the basal with ovate, cordate, crenate or crenate-dentate, 

 petioled, undivided blades ; the lower stem-leaves palmately 3-lobed or 3-parted, 7-10 cm. 

 long, borne on margined petioles ; upper leaves with ovate, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceo- 

 late, short-petioled or sessile blades : heads few or several, large and showy : bracts of the 

 involucre lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute : disks hemispheric or ovoid-conic, 

 15-20 mm. broad : ray-flowers 10-13 ; ligules 2-3.5 cm. long, yellow or orange yellow : 

 chaff aristate or subulate, smooth : pappus a low crown or border. 



On rocky slopes, Roan Mountain and adjacent peaks, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer 

 and fall. 



27. Rudbeckia Beadlei Small. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, hirsute, usually much branched : 

 leaf-blades various, those of the basal leaves oblong to ovate, coarsely crenate-toothed or 

 unequally pinnatifid, 5-10 cm. long, long-petioled ; those of the lower stem-leaves, or 

 some of them, deeply pinnately 5-7-lobed or 5-7-parted : the upper lanceolate, acute or 

 acuminate, 1.5-7 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, narrowed into winged petioles, or sessile : heads 

 small, several or numerous, showy : bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, 8- 

 20 mm. long, somewhat foliaceous : ray-flowers 8-12 ; ligules 1-2 cm. long, bright yellow : 

 disks ovoid-conic or hemispheric, 5-10 mm. wide : chaff aristate or subulate, smooth : 

 pappus a low crown or border accentuated at the angles. 



In rocky woods, at elevations above 1000 m., western North Carolina. Summer. 



28. Rudbeckia pinnatiloba (T. & G.) Beadle. Stems 6-12 dm. tall, softly hir- 

 sute, branched above : leaf-blades various ; those of the basal and lower stem-leaves, or 

 some of them, 5-7-pinnately lobed or divided, 3-8 cm. long : those of the upper stem-leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, relatively short and broad, 1.5-4 cm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, either lobed 

 or undivided, toothed or entire, short-petioled or sessile, often with brown margins : heads 

 small, several or numerous, showy : bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, 

 5-7 mm. long, not foliaceous : ray-flowers about 8 ; ligules 1-1.5 cm. long, yellow or with 

 an orange base : disks hemispheric or ovoid-conic, 6-9 mm. broad : chaff aristate or subu- 

 late, smooth : pappus a low crown or border accentuated at the angles. [R triloba var. 

 pinnatiloba T. & G. ] 



In calcareous soil, West Florida. Summer and fall. 



29. Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt. Annual or biennial. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, hispid, 

 simple or branched : leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong to oval-elliptic, 2-10 cm. long, serrate 

 or entire, the lower ones with winged petioles, the upper sessile and partly clasping : heads 

 showy : bracts of the involucre oblong-lanceolate to linear, 1-2 cm. long : ray-flowers 10- 

 14 ; ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. long, yellow, with a brown-purple base, or sometimes clear yellow: 

 disks short-conic to conic-cylindric : chaff pointed, cihate at the apex : pappus wanting. 



In woods and sandy soil, Arkansas to Alabama and Texas. Spring and summer. 



30. Rudbeckia flexuosa T. V. Moore. Annual or biennial, resembling R. bicolor. 

 Stems 3-7 dm. tall, somewhat hispid, flexuous, rather widely branched, often a short dis- 

 tance from the base : leaf-blades various, hispidulous, those of the basal and lower cau- 

 line leaves oval or oblong-spatulate, remotely crenate-serrate, of the upper leaves cuneate- 

 obovate to oval, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, mostly sessile, remotely toothed or entire : 

 heads showy : bracts of the involucre ovate-lanceolate to linear, 10-15 mm. long : ray-flow- 

 ers 8-10 ; ligules 1-2 cm. long, yellow, sometimes with a brown-purple base : disks ovoid- 

 conic or short-cylindric, 10-15 mm. wide : chaff pointed, ciliate at the apex : pappus none. 



In dry or sandy soil, Texas. Spring and summer. 



31. Rudbeckia hirta L. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, usually branched, hirsute and hispid : 

 leaf-blades elliptic, lanceolate, narrowly-oblong or oblong-spatulate, 3-12 cm. long, strigose- 

 pubescent, entire or sparingly serrate with low teeth, mostly acute ; those of the lower leaves 

 narrowed into winged or margined petioles 4-10 cm. long, the upper with short, broad- 

 winged petioles, or sessile : heads showy : bracts of the involucre linear, linear-lanceolate, 



