1260 CARDUACEAE 



89. DRACOPIS Cass. 



Annual caulescent herbs, with smooth and glaucous foliage. Leaves alternate : blades 

 broad, thickish, entire or slightly serrate, 1-ribbed, clasping. Heads radiate, showy. 

 Involucres many-flowered, of few somewhat foliaceous bracts. Receptacle slender. Ray- 

 flowers few, neutral : ligules yellow or often brownish purple at the base. Disk -flowers 

 perfect, fruit-producing, brownish. Stigmas with small pubescent appendages. Achenes 

 terete, striate and minutely transversely wrinkled. Pappus wanting. 



1. Dracopis amplexlcaulis Vahl. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, usually branched above. 

 Stem-leaves with spatulate, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or ovate sessile and clasping blades 

 4-10 cm. long : bracts of the involucres lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long : 

 ray-flowers 5-9 ; ligules yellow or brownish purple at the base, 1-2.5 cm. long : disk ob- 

 long-cylindric at maturity : achenes about 2 mm. long. 



In moist soil, Georgia to Louisiana and Texas. Introduced eastward. Spring and summer. 



90. RATIBIDA Raf. 



Annual biennial or perennial caulescent herbs, with pubescent foliage. Leaves alter- 

 nate : blades pinnately parted or divided, the segments often narrow. Heads radiate, 

 showy, long-peduncled. Involucres flat: bracts in 2-3 series. Receptacle subulate or 

 columnar, chaffy. Ray-flowers several, neutral : ligules yellow, or brown near the base, 

 spreading or drooping. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing, subtended by or enveloped 

 in the bractlets : corollas gray or yellowish, becoming brown : bractlets thickened, trun- 

 cate or hooded at the apex. Stigmas with blunt or lanceolate-subulate tips. Achenes flat- 

 tened, broad-margined or winged, deciduous with bractlets. Pappus 1 or 2 teeth, or want- 

 ing. [Lepachys Raf.] CONE-FLOWER. 

 Annual or biennial : achenes with flat faces. 



Leaf-blades pinnately parted : ray-flowers with yellow ligules. 1. R. peduncularis. 



Leaf-blades lyrately parted : ray-flowers with brown-purple and yellow-margined 



ligules. 2. R. picta. 



Perennial : achenes with convex or angled faces. 

 Stigmas with short obtuse tips. 



Disk globose, oval or ovoid. 3. R. Tagetes. 



Disk cylindric. 4. R. columnaris. 



Stigmas with lanceolate-subulate tips. 5. R. pinnata. 



1. Ratlbida peduncularis (T. & G. ) Barnhart. Annual or biennial, rather gray- 

 pubescent, 2-9 dm. tall. Stems often branched at the base: leaves rather crowded, 4-10 

 cm. long ; blades pinnately or 2-pinnately parted, the segments linear-oblong or narrowly 

 obovate, entire or incised : peduncles 2-6 dm. long : disk cylindric, 2-4 cm. long : ray -flowers 

 few ; ligules yellow, 1-2 cm. long, obovate : achenes obliquely obovate, broadly or narrowly 

 winged, scaly-fimbriate at least on the inner edge, notched at the apex by the projection of 

 the unequal teeth. [Lepachys peduncularis T. & G.] 



In low grounds, Texas. Summer. 



2. Ratibida picta (A. Gray) Small. Annual or biennial and similar to the preceding 

 species in habit, the foliage more cinereous-pubescent : leaf -blades lyrately pinnately parted 

 into usually 5-7 merely incised segments, the terminal segment obovate to oblong-ovate : disk 

 becoming 2.5-3.5 cm. long; ligules of the ray-flowers about 12 mm. long, brown-purple 

 with a yellow margin. [Lepachys peduncularis'var. picta A. Gray.] 



In sand or sandy woods, along or near the coast, Texas. Summer. 



3. Ratibida Tagetes (James) Barnhart. Perennial, 1-4 dm. tall, gray-strigose. 

 Stems commonly much branched : leaves numerous ; blades 2-6 cm. long, pinnately parted 

 into 3-7 narrowly linear thickish segments : peduncles 2-5 cm. long : disk subglobose or 

 oval, about 1 cm. long; ligules of the ray-flowers soon reflexed, 5-9 mm. long, mainly 

 brown-purple. 



On plains and prairies, Arkansas to Texas and New Mexico. Spring to fall. 



4. Ratibida cohimnaris (Sims) D. Don. Perennial, 3-7 dm. tall, scabrous-strigose. 

 Stems often branched at the base : leaves 5-12 cm. long ; blades pinnately parted, the 5-9 

 segments oblong to linear, often pinnatifid or 2-3-cleft : peduncles 5-20 cm. long : heads 

 showy : disks cylindric-conic or columnar, 2.5-4 cm. long ; ligules of the ray -flowers yel- 

 low, or yellow and brown-purple at the base, 2-4 cm. long. 



On dry plains or prairies, the Saskatchewan to Minnesota. Tennessee and Arizona. Spring to fall. 



5. Ratibia pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart. Perennial, strigillose and scabrous, 6-15 dm. 

 tall. Stems more or less branched : leaves 5-20 cm. long ; blades pinnately 3-7-foliolate 



