CARDUACEAE 1261 



or parted : heads showy : disk subglobose to oblong-oval, 1-2 cm. long : ray-flowers fewj 

 ligules bright yellow, 4-5 cm. long, early drooping. 



On plains or prairies, in dry soil, New York to Iowa, Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 



91. BRAUNERIA Neck. 1 



Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves normally alternate : blades simple, entire or toothed. 

 Heads radiate, solitary or few, conspicuous. Involucres many-flowered, rather flat : bracts 

 in 2-4 series, narrow. Receptacle depressed, hemispheric, chaffy. Kay-flowers several, 

 neutral, often with imperfect styles : ligules spreading or drooping, purple or rose, rarely 

 yellow or white. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing : chaff awned, surpassing the flowers, 

 persistent. Achenes acutely 4-angled, stout. Pappus a crown, more or less produced^into 

 triangular teeth at the angles. CONE-FLOWER. 



Awn of the chaff about as long as the body : root horizontal or horizontally inclined, fibrous. 



1. B. purpurea. 



Awn of the chaff shorter than the body : root vertical, fusiform. 

 Plants glabrous or glabrate. 



Leaf-blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, the upper dentate. 2. B. laevigata. 



Leaf-blades elongated-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, entire. 3. B. atrorubent. 



Plants hirsute or hispid. 



Ray-flowers with drooping ligules 4-8 cm. long. 4. B. pattida. 



Ray-flowers with spreading ligules 2-3 cm. long. 



Pubescence short and harsh : leaf-blades 3-&-ribbed. 5. B. angusttfolia. 



Pubescence shaggy-hispid : leaf- blades 1-3-ribbed. 6. B. Tennesseensis. 



1. Brauneria purpurea (L. ) Britton. Boot horizontal or horizontally inclined, 

 fibrous. Stem somewhat scabrous-pubescent, 6-12 dm. tall, rarely branched : leaf-blades 

 ovate to lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, serrate or dentate-serrate, or those 

 on the upper part of the stem entire, cuneate to subcordate at the base ; petioles of the 

 lower stems and basal leaves longer than the blades : heads showy : disks 2-2.5 cm. high ; 

 bracts of the involucre linear to linear-lanceolate, finely hispid, lax : ray-flowers 12-20 : 

 ligules 2.5-5 cm. long or rarely shorter, purple or somewhat crimson or whitish : awns of 

 the chaff about as long as the body : achenes 4-5 mm. long, wrinkled. 



In rich soil, woods or fields, Virginia to Missouri, North Carolina, Alabama and Louisiana. Summer. 



2. Brauneria laevigata Boynton & Beadle. Perennial from a long, vertical black 

 root. Stem smooth, striate, about 1 m. tall, leafy at the base, sparsely leafy up to the long, 

 naked peduncle : basal and lower cauline leaves petioled, 1-3 dm. long, smooth, their blades 

 oblanceolate, oblong or lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, entire or shallowly toothed, those of 

 the upper stem-leaves lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, mostly dentate with shallow teeth, 

 petioled or the uppermost sessile : involucral bracts lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, imbri- 

 cated, finely ciliate on the margins, otherwise smooth : ray -flowers 10-15 ; ligules rose-color, 

 3-6 cm. long, spreading : chaff aristate, the awn shorter than the body : disk-flowers nu- 

 merous, the florets dark purple : achenes 4-sided, crowned by the unequally toothed pappus. 



In woods and fields, near Seneca, South Carolina. Summer. 



3. Brauneria atrorubens (Nutt. ) Boynton & Beadle. Root vertical, black, not 

 fibrous. Stem simple, striate, stout, 5-8 dm. tall, glabrous or the upper portion sparingly 

 pubescent with short, appressed hairs : leaves petioled, the blades elongated-lanceolate or 

 narrowly elliptic, 1-2 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, entire, finely ciliate on the margins, glabrate ; 

 petioles of the lower leaves often as long as the blades : involucral bracts lanceolate, cili- 

 ate : ray-flowers 12-20 ; ligules 2-4 cm. long, purple or yellow : awn of the chafi' shorter 

 than the body : achenes stout : pappus a toothed border accentuated at the angles. 



In dry soil, Arkansas and Missouri. Summer. 



4. Brauneria pallida ( Nutt. ) Britton. Root vertical, fusiform. Stem more or less 

 hispid, 5-10 dm. tall : leaf -blades broadly linear or narrowly elliptic, or somewhat broader 

 at the base of the stem, 5-20 cm. long, entire, the lower ones narrowed into slender petioles : 

 heads showy : disks L 5-2 cm. high : bracts of the involucre lanceolate, hispid, the tips lax : 

 ray-flowers"lO-15 ; ligules pale or deep rose-color, 4-8 cm. long, slender, drooping, 2-cleft 

 at the apex : awns of the chaff shorter than the body. 



In dry soil, New England to Minnesota, Kentucky, Alabama and Texas. Summer. 



5. Brauneria angustifolia (DC. ) Heller. Root vertical, not fibrous. Stem hispid, 

 4-6 dm. tall : leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to broadly linear, 3-15 cm. long, prominently 

 3-5-ribbed, entire, the lower ones narrowed into slender petioles : heads conspicuous : disks 

 about 2 cm. high : bracts of the involucres linear-lanceolate, copiously hispid, with lax tips : 



1 Contributed by Mr. C. L. Boynton and Mr. C. D. Beadle. 



