1262 CARDUACEAE 



ray-flowers usually 10-12 ; ligules purplish or white, 2-2.5 cm. long, spreading, 2-3-cleft : 

 awn of the chaff shorter than the body. 



On plains and prairies, Saskatchewan to Arkansas, Texas and Wyoming. Summer. 



6. Brauneria TennesaeSnBis Beadle. Root vertical, fusiform. Stem shaggy-hispid, 

 often tufted, 2-3 dm. tall : leaf-blades linear, 5-18 cm. long, acute, entire, the upper 1-ribbed : 

 heads conspicuous : disks about 1.5 cm. high : bracts of the involucre lanceolate, bristly, 

 hispid, andciliate, with lax tips : ray-flowers 10-15; ligules purplish, 1.5-2.5 cm. long- 

 spreading, 2-cleft at the apex : achenes wi^h the angles of the side winged : pappus a 

 toothed border with 4 prominent points over the angles of the achenes : awn of the chaff 

 shorter than the body. 



On gravelly hillsides, Tennessee and Arkansas. Summer. 



92. STEMMODONTIA Cass. 



Perennial caulescent commonly maritime herbs or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite : 

 blades often fleshy, entire or toothed. Heads radiate, peduncled. Involucres broadly 

 campanulate : bracts somewhat foliaceous, in 1 or 2 series. Receptacle flat or convex. 

 Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing : ligules mainly yellow, not much longer than the 

 height of the involucre. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing. Stigmas of the disk-flowers 

 pubescent. Achenes turgid, cuneate or pear-shaped ; those of the disk more or less 4- 

 angled. Pappus cup-like, the edge commonly lobed. 



1. Stemmodontia trilobata (L. ) Small. Stems branched at the base ; branches 

 creeping, pubescent or glabrate in age. Leaf -blades fleshy, elliptic to cuneate, 3-10 cm. long, 

 acute, coarsely few-toothed or slightly 3-5-lobed, sessile: heads solitary on strigose peduncles: 

 involucres about 1 cm. high, the outer bracts longer and thicker than the inner, obtuse or 

 abruptly acute : ligules of the ray -flowers 8-12 mm. long. [Silphium trilobatum L.] 



In sand or coral rock, southern peninsular Florida and the Keys. Also in tropical America. 



93. PASCALIA Ortega. 



Perennial caulescent herbs, with glabrous or somewhat scabrous -pubescent foliage. 

 Leaves opposite : blades entire, toothed or somewhat lobed. Heads conspicuous, solitary 

 at the ends of the branches, heterogamous, radiate. Involucres hemispheric : bracts in 

 about 2 series, the outer herbaceous, the inner membranous. Receptacle chaffy. Ray- 

 flowers pistillate, each with a spreading yellow ligule. Disk-flowers perfect, each with a 

 short tube and an elongated throat. Anthers truncate at the base. Stigmas with pubes- 

 cent acutish appendages. Achenes various ; those of the ray 3-angled ; those of the disk 

 rather 4-angled, each with a thick somewhat fleshy pericarp. Pappus of several nmbriate 

 scales and often 2 short awns. 



1. Pascalia glauca Ortega. Plant glaucous. Stem simple or branched above : leaf- 

 blades 3-ribbed, 1 dm. long, or shorter on the upper part of the stern, those of the lower 

 cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, shallowly toothed, those of the upper 

 cauline often linear-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, repand or entire : heads showy : in- 

 volucre 1.5-2 cm. broad ; bracts lanceolate to linear, 1-1.5 cm. long : ligules of the ray- 

 flowers bright yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long : achenes 5-6 mm. long. 



In waste places, near Pensacola, Florida. Native of Chili. 



94. BORRICHIA Adans. 



Perennial caulescent fleshy herbs or shrubby plants inhabiting seashores. Leaves 

 opposite : blades simple, thick. Heads radiate, peduncled. Involucres hemispheric, many- 

 flowered : bracts in 2 or 3 series, the inner more leathery than the outer. Receptacle convex, 

 chaffy. Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing: ligules yellow, short. Disk-flowers per- 

 fect, fruit-producing, subtended by or enveloped in the rigid bractlets. Stigmas of the 

 disk-flowers hispid. Achenes various ; those of the ray 3-angled ; those of the disk 4- 

 angled. Pappus a more or less toothed crown. SEA OX-EYE. 



Outer bracts of the involucre spreading or reflexed at maturity : bractlets of .the receptacle spine-tipped. 



1. B. frutescens. 



Outer bracts of the involucre appressed at maturity : bractlets of the receptacle ob- 

 tuse or barely mucronate. 



Leaf-blades and peduncles permanently and densely silky. 2. B. arborescent. 



Leaf-blades and peduncles perfectly glabrous. 3. B. glabrata. 



