POLYGALE^E. 45 



spikes ; rachis squarrose ; wings of the calyx cordate-ovate, erect, 

 twice as long as the capsule. P. sanguined Mich. Pursh. 



HAB. Woods and hill sides, Throughout N. Amer. July, Aug. 

 0. Stem 12 18 inches high. FLoicers rose-coloured. 



7. P. sanguinea Linn. : stem fastigiately branched Cleaves alternate, 

 narrow-linear ; flowers beardless, in long and crowded spikes ; rachis 

 squarrose ; wings of the calyx obovate, as long as the capsule. 



HAB. Dry soils. N. J. to Car. July Oct. ^.Stem 812 

 inches high. Flowers dark red. Allied to the former, but a 

 much smaller plant, the leaves shorter and narrower, and with a 

 longer and more loose spike ; the rachis also is much more 

 squarrose. 



8. P. dmbigua Nutt. : stem erect, virgately branched ; leaves linear; 

 the lower ones whorled ; the rest scattered ; spikes acute, on very long 

 peduncles ; flowers cristate ; wings of the calyx round and veined, as 

 long as the fruit ; bracts deciduous. 



HAB. Wet woods. N. J. and Virg. 0. Floicers purple, 



distinctly pedicellate, larger than those of the next species. 



9. P. verticillata Linn. : stem erect, branched.; leaves whorled, linear 

 and remote ; racemes spiked, acute, pedunculate ; bracts deciduous ; 

 flowers cristate; wings of the calyx roundish, shorter than the capsule. 



HAB. Sandy soils. Can. to Car. W. to Miss. July Oct. 0. 

 Stem 8 12 inches high, slender, slightly angled. Leaves 

 sometimes solitary. Flowers small, greenish- white. Capsule 

 sessile. Dwarf Snake-root. 



10. P. senega Linn. : stems numerous, erect, smooth, simple ; leaves 

 alternate, ovate-lanceolate ; upper ones acuminate ; racemes naked, 

 spiked ; wings of the calyx orbicular ; capsule elliptical, emarginate. 



HAB. Woods. Can. to Geor. June, July. Ii. Stem a foot 

 high. Leaves pale green. Flowers whitish, in a terminal spike. 

 The root is hard, firm and branching, and is much used in medi- 

 cine. Big. Med. Bot. ii. 97. Bart. ii. 116. Scneka Snake-root. 



11. P. polygamd Walt. : stems numerous, simple, erect and procum- 

 bent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate downwards ;. racemes filiform, 

 terminal and lateral, elongated ; lower ones procumbent, without pe- 

 tals ; flowers sessile. P. rubelld Willd. Pursh. 



HAB. Forests. Can. to Car. June, July. If. Stem 4 8 in- 

 ches high, angular. Flowers purple. The whole plant is bitter 

 and is used in medicine. Big. Med. Bot. iii. 129. Bitter Poly gain. 



'* Flowers capitate, (yellow.) 



12. P. lutea Linn. : stem simple or branched; lower leaves spathulate; 

 upper ones lanceolate ;. flowers in globular heads, yellow; wings of 

 the calyx ovate, mucronate ; bracts shorter than the flowers. 



HAB. Pine 'barrens. N. J. to Flor. June Oct. $ . Stem 

 8 16 inches high, mostly simple. Floicers bright yellow. 



Yellow Polygala* 



