8 BOTANY 



Soologistc. So much, however, is known about man, 

 and so much more knowledge is eagerly wished for, 

 that the study of this single animal has become a 

 science in itself, of which there are many branches 

 human physiology, pathology, &c. This has tended 

 to split up the science of " Zoology," and this tendency 

 has been further encouraged by the fact that there are 

 such extraordinary numbers of some animals, e.g., the 

 insects, that their study forms a special science of its 

 own called Entomology. 



The science of plant life is much more united, and 

 Botany includes all the sides of the study of all plants, 

 with the exception, perhaps, of the bacteria which have 

 a science of their own. In many ways this unity in 

 botany is a great advantage, for none of the branches 

 of any science are really independent of each other, and 

 it is impossible to study one let us say, for example, 

 the physiology of plants without a knowledge of the 

 others, and, in this instance, of anatomy and cytology. 



Nevertheless, even in botany, and particularly the 

 botany of this century, the various problems in the differ- 

 ent branches of the subject have to be attacked in such 

 different ways, that it is almost impossible for one man 

 to make discoveries in more than one or two restricted 

 fields. In each part of the subject the instruments 

 used, the language employed, and the methods of at- 

 tacking the problems are all so distinct from each other, 

 and so elaborate, that they demand an almost life- 

 long study. This is parallel to the case of music, 

 which is in itself all the harmony of one order of sweet 

 sounds, and yet there are but few musicians who have 

 complete technical control of more than one or two 

 instruments. In the case of science and its branches, 

 the worker has not only to attain personal control of 



