CONTENTS 



INTRODUCTION 



CHAPTER PAGE 



I. THE NATURE AND SUBDIVISIONS OF BOTANY 1 



II. A GENERAL VIEW OF PLANTS 5 



PART I 



PLANTS (CHIEFLY SEED PLANTS), AS TO STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS 



III. FLOWERS 9 



General characteristics and structure of flowers 9 



Some particular forms of flowers . . . . 16 



Arrangement of flowers or inflorescence 26 



IV. PISTILS AND STAMENS 33 



Structure and function of pistils and stamens 33 



Pollination 46 



V. SEEDS AND FRUITS . . 55 



Nature and structure of seeds 55 



Resting period, vitality, and longevity of seeds 67 



Purity and analysis of seeds 74 



Nature and types of fruits of Flowering Plants 77 



Dissemination of seeds and fruits 82 



VI. GERMINATION OF SEEDS; SEEDLINGS 89 



Nature of germination and factors upon which it depends . 89 



Germinative processes 93 



Testing the germinative capacity of seeds 98 



Seedlings 102 



VII. CELLS AND TISSUES 112 



Structure and function of cells 112 



Respiration 121 



Cell multiplication 123 



General view of tissues 126 



ix 



