IV PREFACE 



the same, the illustrations and applications serving only to assist 

 the student in learning and making use of the principles. 



I hope the present title will make the book of more use and I 

 am certainly grateful for the suggestions many persons have 

 kindly given me. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



As is the case with other authors of elementary texts in Botany, 

 the author of this one has presented only common knowledge 

 and for this the author is indebted to many botanists either 

 directly as teachers or indirectly as authors. As to the pub- 

 lications which have been of invaluable service to me they are 

 numerous but the following are some of the chief ones: "Text 

 Book of Botany" by Coulter, Barnes & Cowles; "Plant Studies," 

 "Plant Structures," "Plant Relations," "Elementary Studies in 

 Botany," "Plants, A Text Book of Botany" and "Fundamentals 

 of Plant Breeding" by J. M. Coulter; "The Teaching Botanist," 

 "The Living Plant," and "A Text Book of Botany for Colleges" 

 by W. F. Ganong; "Fundamentals of Botany" by C. Stuart 

 Gager; "The Nature and Development of Plants" by C. C. 

 Curtis; "A College Text Book of Botany" and "Botany for 

 Schools" by G. T. Atkinson; "A Text Book of Botany" by Stras- 

 burger, Noll, Schenck, and Karsten; "University Text Book of 

 Botany" by D. H. Campbell; "Botany" by C. E. Bessey; "Plant 

 Anatomy" by W. C. Stevens; "Principles of Botany" by Bergen 

 and Davis; "Practical Botany" by Bergen & Caldwell; "Botany 

 all year round" by Andrews; "Mendel's Principles of Heredity" 

 by W. Bateson; "Darwinism" by A. R. Wallace; and "Variation, 

 Heredity and Evolution" by R. H. Lock. 



For illustrations I am indebted to Miss Charlotte M. King 

 for figures 21, 22, 182, 230, 315, 455, 456, 457, 459, 463, and for 

 redrawing figures 109, 172; to Dr. Ada Hayden for figures 56, 

 85, 87, 129, 134, 157, 178, 219, 222, 227, 264, 400, for parts of 

 figures 85, 88, and for redrawing figures 1, 2. 9, 192, and 165; to 

 L. H. Bailey and MacMillan Company for permission to use fig- 

 ures 183, 190, 192, 193, 204, 205, 223"; 379, 460, figure of Tree Fern, 

 and part of figure 88 from "Botany" and "Lessons with Plants"; 

 to J. M. Coulter and D. Appleton & Company for permission to 

 use figures 114, 118, 240, 267, 393, 396, and most of figure 132 



