ELEMENTARY PHYSIOLOGY. [l. 



through the transparent tendon of the diaphragm 

 the lungs will be seen in close contact with it. 

 Puncture the tendon on the right side and note 

 the collapse of the right lung as soon as air 

 enters the pleural cavity. 



17. With the liver still pulled down, note the short 

 hepatic veins proceeding from the liver to join 

 the vena cava inferior just below the diaphragm. 

 Cut through the hepatic veins as close to the 

 liver as possible and remove the liver. 



18. Cut open one of the hepatic veins and trace it 

 in this way back into the substance of a liver 

 lobe. Observe on its inner surface the opening 

 of numerous smaller veins ; cut through the lobe 

 near its base, and try to distinguish the portal 

 veins from the hepatic by the small bile duct 

 and small thick-walled artery running alongside 

 the former. 



19. Cut away the mesentery from the alimentary 

 canal, and trace out the latter along its whole 

 length, observing more fully the features men- 

 tioned in 3, and noting in addition one or more 

 white patches (Peyer's patches) on the free sur- 

 face of the ileum, due to clumps of lymph-follicles; 

 also note the connection of the ca?cum with the 

 small and large intestine, the thin walls of the 

 csecum and the thicker spotted walls of its 

 appendix. 



Note in the dog, the wider oesophagus entering into 

 the stomach nearer the cardiac end than is the 

 case with the rabbit; note also the shorter 



