ELEMENTAKY PHYSIOLOGY. [l. 



1. The obliquus extemus abdominis, a thin muscle, 

 with descending fibres ; it arises from the ribs 

 by separate bundles, from the back by a broad 

 tendon and runs to the linea alba and to the 

 pubis. 



c. The recti abdominis, one on either side of the 

 middle line, covered by the tendon of the exter- 

 nal oblique. 



If b be carefully reflected, there will be seen under- 

 neath : 



d. The internus obliquus abdominis, with ascending 

 fibres, it arises from the pubis and lumbar 

 fascia and runs to the linea alba and lower ribs; 

 and underneath this 



e. The transversalis abdominis, it arises from the 

 lower ribs, the dorso-lumbar fascia and the 

 pubis, and runs to the linea alba. 



3. Lift up the abdominal wall and cut it through 

 in the middle line from the sternum to the 

 pubis, being careful to avoid puncturing the 

 intestine. From the middle of this cut make 

 transverse cuts nearly as far as the spinal 

 column. Hook or pin back the four flaps. 

 Simply turning the parts over without cutting 

 or tearing anything, trace out as far as possible 

 the alimentary canal, noting the narrow oeso- 

 phagus entering into the stomach about the 

 middle of its concave upper portion, the pyloric 

 end of the stomach placed on the right side and 

 continuous with the small intestine which is 

 not distinctly divisible into duodenum, jejunum 

 and ileum, the large dark thin-walled caecum 



