10 SYNOPSIS OF TIIE OKDERS. 



45. Cucurbitaceae (p. 194). Tendril-bearing vines, with dioecious or monoe- 

 cious flowers. Corolla 5-lobed, often confluent with the calyx. Stamens 

 3 or 5, usually more or less united and the anthers often tortuous. Fruit 

 fleshy or membranous, 1 - 5-celled, the placentae often produced to the 

 axis and revolute. Seeds exalbumiuous. 



i- t- Embryo curved or coiled about central albumen ; leaves entire. 



46. Cactaceae (p. 196). Fleshy and mostly leafless prickly plants, with sol- 

 itary sessile perfect flowers. Calyx-lobes and petals indefinite, imbricated, 

 the numerous stamens on the tube. Fruit a 1 -celled many -seeded berry. 



47. Ficoideae (p. 198). Calyx-lobes or sepals 5 and petals none in our gen- 



era. Capsule 3 - 5-celled with axile placentae, loculicidal or circumacissile, 

 many-seeded. Often fleshy ; leaves mostly opposite or verticillate. 



* 4. Flowers small, regular, perfect or polygamous ; calyx-limb minute or ob- 



solete; ovary inferior, 2 -several-celled, with solitary pendulous ovules; 

 petals and stamens mostly 4 or 5, on the margin of an epigynous disk 

 surrounding the styles ; albumen copious. 



48. TJmbelliferee (p. 198). Flowers in umbels or heads. Petals (inflexed) 

 and stamens 5. Styles 2. Fruit of 2 dry seed-like carpels, the pericarp 

 usually with oil-tubes. Herbs, with alternate mostly compound leaves. 



49. Araliaceae (p. 212). Flowers mostly in umbels and nearly as in Umbel- 



liferas ; petals not inflexed and styles 2 or more. Fruit a 2 - several-celled 

 drupe. Herbs or shrubs, with alternate mostly compound leaves. 



50. Cornaceae (p. 213). Flowers not in umbels; petals (valvate, or none) 

 and stamens 4 or 5. Style 1. Fruit a 1 -2-seeded drupe. Trees, shrubs, 

 or rarely herbs, with opposite or alternate simple and mostly entire leaves. 



DIVISION II. GAMOPETALOUS : calyx and corolla both present, 

 the latter of united petals (excepting some Ericaceae, Styracacese, 

 and Oleaeese, Galax, Statice, and Lysimachia). Apetalous flowers 

 occur in Glaux and some Oleaceae. Stipules present only in Rubi- 

 aceae and Loganiaceie, or rarely in Caprifoliaceae. 



* 1. Ovary inferior; stamens borne upon the corolla, alternate with its lobes. 



- Stamens distinct ; leaves opposite or whorled ; seed albuminous except in 



Valeriauaceoe. 



51. Caprifoliaceae (p. 216). Corolla mostly 5-lobed, regular or irregular, 

 the stamens as many (one fewer in Liniuea, doubled in Adoxa) Ovary 1 - 

 several-celled ; fruit a berry, drupe, or pod, 1 - several-seeded. Shrubs or 

 herbs; leaves opposite, rarely stipular, not turning black in drying. 



52. Rubiaceae (p. 222). Flowers regular, 4 - 5-merous, the corolla mostly 



valvate. Ovary 2 - 4-celled. Herbs or shrubs ; leaves simple, entire, op- 

 posite with stipules, or verticillate, usually turning black in drying. 



53. Valerianaceae (p. 228). Stamens (1-4) fewer than the lobes of the 

 somewhat irregular corolla. Ovary with two abortive or empty cells and 

 one containing a suspended ovule. Fruit dry and indehiscent. Herbs. 



54. Dipsaceae (p. 229). Flowers mostly 4-merous and with 4 (rarely 2) sta- 



mens, involucellate in involucrate heads ; corolla-lobes imbricate. Ova^y 

 simple, 1-celled, with a suspended ovule. Herbs. 



