SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS OF PLANTS 



DESCRIBED IN THIS WORK. 



SERIES I. PH.ENOGAMOUS OR FLOWERING PLANTS : those 

 producing real flowers and seeds. 



CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONOUS OR EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 



Siems formed of bark, wood, and pith; the wood forming a zone be- 

 tween the other two, and increasing, when the stem continues from year 

 to year, by the annual addition of a new layer to the outside, next the 

 bark. Leaves netted-veined. Embryo with a pair of opposite cotyledons, 

 or in Subclass II. often three or more in a whorl. Parts of the flower 

 mostly in fours or fives. 



SUBCLASS I. ANGIOSPERM^. Pistil consisting of a closed ovary 

 which contains the ovules and becomes the fruit. Cotyledons only two. 



DIVISION I. POLYPETALOUS : the calyx and corolla both present; 

 the latter of separate petals. (Apetalous flowers occur in various 

 Orders, as noted under the subdivisions.) 



A. THALAMIFLOR^E. Stamens and petals hypogynous (free both from 

 the calyx and from the superior ovary), upon a usually narrow receptacle 

 (not glandular nor discoid, except in Reseda, sometimes stipe-like). (Sta- 

 mens and petals upon the partly inferior ovary in some Nymphseacese.) 

 Apetalous flowers occur in the Ranunculaceae and Caryophyllacese. 



* 1. Carpels solitary or distinct (or coherent in Magnoliacese) ; sepals and 

 petals deciduous (except in Nymphaeacese) ; leaves alternate or Radical, 

 without stipules (sometimes opposite or whorled and rarely stipular m 

 Rauunculacese) ; embryo (except in Nelumbo) small, in fleshy albumen. 



1. Ranunculacese (p. 34). Sepals (3 or more), petals (as many, in regular 



flowers, or none), stamens (usually many), and carpels (1 -many) all dis- 

 tinct. Fruit achenes, follicles, or berries. Mostly herbs. 



2. Magnoliaceae (p. 49). Sepals and petals colored alike, in three or more 



rows of three, imbricate. Fruit cone-like, formed of the numerous coher- 

 ing pistils. Trees. 



3. Anonaceae (p. 50). Sepals (3) and petals (6, in two rows) valvate. Fruit 



pulpy. Shrubs or small trees. 



4. Menispermaceae (p. 51 ). Sepals and petals in twos or threes, imbricate. 



Pistils becoming 1-seeded drupes. Dioscious woody climbers, with pal- 

 mate or peltate leaves. 



