58 PAPAVERACE^E. (POPPY FAMILY.) 



* Petals 8- 12, not crumpled in the bud, white. Pod 1-celled, 2-valved. 



1. Sanguinaria. Petals white. Leaves and 1-flowered scape from a short rootstock. 



* * Petals 4, crumpled in the bud. Pod 2-valved or more. 



+- Pod 2-4-valved, the valves separating to the base from the placentas. Leaves pinnately 



parted. Flowers yellow. 



2. Stylophorum. Pod bristly ; style distinct ; stigmas and placentas 3-4. 



3. Chelidonium. Pod linear, smooth ; style almost none ; stigmas and placentas 2. 



4. Glaucium. Pod rough, long-linear, 2-cellrd l>y a spongy partition ; style none. 



-- -i- Pod 4- 20-valved, dehiscent only at the top or to the middle. 



5. Papaver. Ovary incompletely many-celled ; stigmas united into a radiate sessile 



crown. 



6. Argemone. Stigmas (sessile) and placentas 4-6. Pod and leaves prickly. 



1. SANGUINARIA, Dill. BLOOD-ROOT. 



Sepals 2. Petals 8-12, spatulate-oblong, the inner narrower. Stamens 

 about 24. Style short; stigma 2-grooved. Pod oblong, turgid, 1-celled, 2- 

 valved. Seeds with a large crest. A low perennial, wit It thick prostrate 

 premorse rootstocks, surcharged with red-orange acrid juice, sending up in 

 earliest spring a rounded palmnte-lobed leaf, ami a 1-Howered nuked scape. 

 Flower white, handsome, the bud erect, the petals not crumpled. (Xamo 

 from the color of the juice.) 



1. S. Canadensis, L. Open rich woods; common. April, .May. 



2. STYLOPHORUM, Xutt. CELANDINE POPPY. 



Sepals 2, hairy. Petals 4. Style distinct, columnar; stigma 2-4-lobed. 

 Pods bristly, 2-4-valved to the liase. Seeds conspicuously crested. Peren- 

 nial low herbs, with stems naked Mow and oppositely 2-lcaved, or sometimes 

 1 - 3-leaved, and umbcllately 1 - few-flowered at the summit; the flower-buds 

 and the pods nodding. Leaves pinnately parted or divided. Juice yellow. 

 (From (TTV\OS, style, and (pepco, to lit nr, one of the distinctive characters.) 



1. S. diphyllum, Xutt. Leaves pale or glaucous beneath, smoothish, 

 deeply pinuatifid into 5 or 7 oblong sinuate-lobed divisions, and the root-lea \ ea 

 often with a pair of smaller and distinct leaflets ; peduncles equalling the 

 petioles; flower deep yellow (!' broad); stigmas 3 or 4; pod oval. Damp 

 woods, W. Penn. to Wise, and Teun. May. Foliage and flower resembling 

 Celandine. 



3. CHELIDONIUM, L. CELANDINE. 



Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens 16-24. Style nearly none ; stigma 2-lobed. 

 Pod linear, slender, smooth, 2-valved, the valves opening from the bottom up- 

 ward. Seeds crested. Biennial herb with brittle stems, saffron-colored acrid 

 juice, pinnately divided or 2-pinnatifid and toothed or cut leaves, and small 

 yellow flowers in a pedunculate umbel ; buds nodding. (Ancient Greek name 

 from xe\i<av, the swallow, because its flowers appear with the swallows.) 



C. MA,irs, L. (CELANDINE.) Waste grounds near dwellings. May -Aug. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



4. GLAUCIUM, Tourn. HORN-POPPY. 



Sepals 2. Petals 4. Style none ; stigma 2-lobed or 2-horned. Pod very 

 long and linear, completely 2-celled by a spongy false partition ; seeds crest- 



